Connective Tissue Disease

Question 1

what are the 4 multisystem vasculitis inflammatory diseases

Answer 1

systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, sjogrens syndrome, undifferentiated connective tissue disease

Question 2

what causes damage with connective tissue disease

Answer 2

complement activation

Question 3

what are the 3 types of vasculitic disease

Answer 3

large vessel (giant cell arteritis), medium vessel (polyarteritis), small vessel (Wegner’s granulomatosis)

Question 4

what is the general management of connective tissue disease

Answer 4

immune suppression, analgesic NSAIDs, immune modulating treatment, biologic medication, systemic steroids

Question 5

what are the antibodies in autoimmune diseases

Answer 5

ANA, dsDNA, Ro, La, anti-centromere, anti-SCL-70, ANCA

Question 6

what is discoid lupus

Answer 6

tissue changes without the blood antibodies

Question 7

what are the immune complexes involved in systemic lupus

Answer 7

ANA, dsDNA, Ro

Question 8

what systems are involved in lupus

Answer 8

joints, skin, kidney, muscles, blood, CVS, RS and CNS

Question 9

what age group usually gets systemic lupus

Answer 9

females of child bearing age

Question 10

what feature on the face is common with lupus

Answer 10

butterfly zygomatic rash (photosensitivity)

Question 11

what are the dental aspects of lupus

Answer 11

ulcers and GA risk, bleeding tendency, impaired drug metabolism, drug reactions, increased malignancy risk, lichenoid reactions

Question 12

what is the lupus anticoagulant

Answer 12

marker found in the blood of some patients with lupus

Question 13

what are patients with the lupus anticoagulant termed

Answer 13

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (primary or secondary)

Question 14

what is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome characterised by

Answer 14

recurrent thrombosis

Question 15

what is sjogrens syndrome

Answer 15

inflammatory disease associated with circulating antibodies

Question 16

what antibodies are present in sjogrens

Answer 16

ANA, Ro and La

Question 17

what are the features of sjogrens

Answer 17

dry eyes and dry mouth, oral disease caused by xerostomia

Question 18

what is sicca syndrome

Answer 18

sjogrens only affecting either mouth of eyes

Question 19

what is primary sjogrens

Answer 19

mouth and eyes only

Question 20

what is secondary sjogrens

Answer 20

associated with another connective tissue disease

Question 21

what is the diagnostic criteria for sjogrens

Answer 21

dry eyes/mouth
histopathology findings
autoantibodies
imaging

Question 22

what are the dental implications of sjogrens

Answer 22

oral infection, caries risk, functional loss, denture retention, sialosis, salivary lymphoma

Question 23

what is systemic sclerosis

Answer 23

excessive collagen deposition, connective tissue fibrosis, loss of elastic tissue

Question 24

what does the patient with systemic sclerosis present like

Answer 24

cannot stretch and bind skin, haemangiomas on face, cannot open mouth wide, struggle swallowing

Question 25

what do you need to consider dentally with systemic sclerosis

Answer 25

limited mouth opening so plan treatment in advance

Question 26

what is vasculitis

Answer 26

inflammation of blood vessels

Question 27

what does giant cell arteritis present like

Answer 27

chewing claudication, occlusion of central retinal artery (blindness)

Question 28

who is affected by polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 28

elderly

Question 29

what does polymyalgia rheumatica present like

Answer 29

pain and morning stiffness in muscles, malaise and fatigue

Question 30

who gets kawasaki disease

Answer 30

children

Question 31

what does kawasaki disease present like

Answer 31

fever and lymphadenopathy, strawberry tongue, cracked tongue

Question 32

what is wegners granulomatosis

Answer 32

inflammatory conditions which can lead to destruction of hard and soft tissues of the face and oral cavity

Question 33

what does wegners granulomatosis present like

Answer 33

spongy red tissue

Question 34

what is affected with wegners granulomatosis

Answer 34

renal and respiratory systems

Question 35

what is fibromyalgia

Answer 35

non-specific collection of musculoskeletal symptoms

Question 36

what are the symptoms of fibromyalgia

Answer 36

joint pain, muscle pain, functional disorders

Question 37

what are the dental aspects of vasculitides

Answer 37

steroid precautions maybe necessary