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M1 B2 - Histology > Connective Tissue (L3) > Flashcards

Connective Tissue (L3) Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Organised Connective Tissue

A

Blood
Cartilage
Bone

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2
Q

What are the cells of Non-specialised CT / CT proper

A

Mast cells
Fibroblasts
adipocytes

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3
Q

The function of Cartilage, bone, tendons, ligaments, and capsules of organs is _________

A

Providing structural support

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4
Q

The CT types that function as a medium for exchange of materials are __________

A

Blood, lymph, and CT proper

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5
Q

What is the function of Plasma and Mast cells?

A

Enter CT proper to function in immune response

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6
Q

Which CT cells store lipids?

A

Adipocytes

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7
Q

CT is formed of ________ and _________

A

Extra cellular matrix (ECM) and cells

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8
Q

CT cells can be classified according to their location into: ___________ and ____________

A

Transient cells and Fixed cells

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9
Q

Examples of Fixed CT cells

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Pericytes
Adipocytes

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10
Q

Free CT cells

A

Mast cells
Leucocytes
Plasma cells

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11
Q

What is the origin of transient cells?

A

Bone marrow

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12
Q

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is made of

A

Structural Fibrous Proteins

Ground substance

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13
Q

The ground substance of ECM is made of 3 types of compounds. Name them

A
  1. Non-branched polysaccharides (GAGs)
  2. Adhesive Glycoproteins
  3. Proteoglycans (Protein-polysaccharide complex)
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14
Q

Which of the following embed the fibrous proteins of the ECM?

  1. Non-branched polysaccharides (GAGs)
  2. Adhesive Glycoproteins
  3. Proteoglycans (Protein-polysaccharide complex)
A

Proteoglycans

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15
Q

Which of the following is/are example(s) of compound that embed fibrous proteins in ECM?

  1. Laminen and Fibronectin
  2. Chondroitin sulphate
  3. Decorin and Aggrecan
A

Decorin and Aggrecan

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16
Q

Which of the following attach the cells to the ECM?

  1. Laminen and Fibronectin
  2. Chondroitin sulphate
  3. Decorin and Aggrecan
A

Laminen and Fibronectin

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17
Q

Which of the following attach the cells to the ECM?

  1. Non-branched polysaccharides (GAGs)
  2. Adhesive Glycoproteins
  3. Proteoglycans (Protein-polysaccharide complex)
A

Adhesive glycoproteins

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18
Q

Where are reticular cells found?

A
  1. Stroma of lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen and thymus)
  2. Bone marrow
  3. Liver
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19
Q

What is the function of reticular cells?

A

Secretion of Reticular fibres (type III collagen)

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20
Q

Which cells secrete collagen in blood vessel walls?

A

smooth muscle cells

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21
Q

Structural fibrous proteins found in the ECM are generally of 2 types, either ____________ or _____________

A

Collagen or elastic

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22
Q

Elastic fibres can stretch up to _____% of their length

A

150

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23
Q

Which cells secrete elastic fibres?

A

Fibroblasts (and others)

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24
Q

Explain the structure of elastic fibres.

A
  • Core of elastin

* surrounded by microfibrils of the glycoprotein fibrillin

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25
Where can elastic fibres be found?
Tunica media of large arteries, lungs, elastic ligaments (nucha and flava) and elastic cartilage.
26
Patient comes to the ER by ambulance after suffering and an aortic aneurysm. Physical exams revealed that she is very tall with a wide arm span. Her medical history shows that she has frequent subluxation of the eye lens. The doctors suspect she suffers from which genetic condition?
Marfan syndrome
27
What are the causes of Marfan Syndrome?
Absence of fibrillin | Disturbance of elastin
28
State the location of loose areolar CT
Mucous membranes | Under epithelia
29
State the location of dense irregular CT
Skin Dermis Submucosa of hollow viscera Organ capsules
30
State the location of dense regular CT
Ligaments, tendons, aponeurosis and cornea of eye
31
State the location of adipose CT
Subcutaneous, breast, mesenteries, bone marrow and omentum
32
State the location of mesenchymal cells
Embryonic CT, perivascular and the ECM
33
State the location of Mucous Embryonic CT
Umbilical cord
34
Identify the cell: ``` Pale basophilic cytoplasm Pale nucleus Prominent nucleolus Irregularly shaped cell Displays mitotic figures ```
Mesenchymal cell
35
Mesenchymal cells are A/ Unipotent B/ Oligopotent C/ Multipotent D/ Totipotent
Multipotent
36
Which cells form the basal lamina endothelial cells of blood vessels?
Pericytes
37
Identify the cell: Have long processes running along the longitudinal axis of capillaries
Pericytes
38
What are the functions of pericytes?
1. Contraction to obliterate capillaries | 2. Stem cells capable of differentiating into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
39
A patient presents to the outpatient clinic complaining of a lump on his arm. Biopsy revealed that it is a sarcoma. What cells is this tumor likely derived from?
Pericytes
40
What is the origin of adipocytes and fibroblasts?
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
41
Where would you expect to find Fibroblasts?
Along the longitudinal axis of Collagen fibres
42
Identify the cell: ``` Elongated Fusiform Pale basophilic cytoplasm Prominent Golgi Abundant ribosomes and rER ```
Fibroblasts
43
Functions of fibroblasts
Production of collagen and elastic fibres | Healing wounds
44
Which cells form scars following injury or infection?
Fibroblasts
45
What is the Mechanism of fibrosis?
Proliferation of Fibroblasts Activation macrophages and lymphocytes Generation of novel myofibroblasts
46
What are the effects of fibrotic scarring?
Obliteration of tissue architecture Leading to tissue failure
47
Which organs are most likely to be affected by fibrotic scarring?
Lungs, heart and kidneys
48
Identify the cell: ``` Large Spherical Peripheral nucleus and cytoplasm Abundant sER Large droplet of lipid in the centre Sparse organelles ```
Unilocular Adipocyte
49
Identify the cell: ``` Small Spherical Central nucleus Abundant sER Several droplets of lipids filling the cytoplasm Sparse organelles ```
Multilocular Adipocyte
50
Which cell has signet ring appearance?
Unilocular Adipocyte
51
Which cells do macrophages (histocytes) originate from?
Monocytes
52
State the location of the following: ``` Kupffer cells Dust cells Microglia Osteoclasts Monocytes Langerhan cells ```
``` Kupffer cells - liver Dust cells - lungs Microglia - Brain Osteoclasts - Bone Monocytes - Blood Langerhan cells - Skin ```
53
Identify the cell: ``` Large Basophilic cytoplasm with many granules Small vacuoles Eccentric nucleus Developed Golgi Abundant rER and lysosomes ```
Macrophages
54
What’s the function of macrophages?
Phagocytosis | Presenting antigens to lymphocytes
55
What are epitheloid cells?
Macrophages that increased in size due to prolonged stimulation
56
What are foreign body giant cells?
Macrophages that have used together forming 1 large multinucleated cell
57
Name the CT cells derived from B lymphocyte
Plasma cell
58
Identify the cell: * Large * Ovoid * Basophilic cytoplasm * No secretory granules * Juxtanuclear Halo / Negative Golgi Image around the nucleus * Eccentric nucleus with heterochromatin radiating out from the centre giving it Clock face appearance
Plasma cell
59
Which cells produce monoclonal antibodies?
Plasma cells
60
What is the cause of multiple myeloma?
Bone marrow Tumor formed of plasma (myeloma) cells
61
Where would you expect to find plasma cells?
Around sites of chronic inflammation
62
What is the origin of mast cells?
Bone marrow
63
Where do you expect to find mast cells?
Subepithelial CT of digestive and respiratory systems
64
Identify the cell Large Ovoid Central, round nucleus Cytoplasm has many metachromatic granules
Mast cell
65
What’s the function of mast cells?
``` Release inflammatory mediators 1/ Histamine 2/ Anticoagulant Heparin 3/ Cytokines 4/ Chemotactic factors ```
66
Name the tissues on which Inflammatory mediators act.
``` Smooth muscle Vasculature CT Mucous glands Inflammatory cells ```
67
What’s the function of Histamine?
Dilation of small blood vessels to allow leakage of plasma | Pathway leading to release of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet-activating factors
68
Urticaria is caused by which protein?
Histamine
69
What happens during Anaphylaxis?
* Mast cell receptors bind to IgE * IgE binds to foreign pathogen * Mast cell releases contents of its granules
70
Which cells secrete collagen in the PNS?
Schwann cells

M1 B2 - Histology (5 decks)

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