Connectives Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
그리고
A
- Means “and.”
- Connect two nouns, two sentences, two clauses.
- Often used to introduce a new sentence that is related, sometimes implying ‘and then.’
2
Q
그리고 example
A
- 저는 거피를 마셨어요, 그리고 책을 읽었어요. = I drank coffee and then read a book.
3
Q
~고
A
- Means “and then”
- Connective ending attached to verb stems.
- Links two or more actions in a sequence, often implying ‘and then’ or ‘after doing X, do Y’
4
Q
~하고
A
- Means ‘and/with’
- Used to connect nouns.
- Generally informal.
5
Q
~고 example
A
- 밥 먹고 갈게요. = I’ll eat and then go.
- 예쁘고 친 잘해요. = She’s pretty and kind.
6
Q
~하고 example
A
- 친구하고 영화 봤어요. = I watched a film with a friend.
7
Q
이랑/랑
A
- means ‘and/with’
- 이랑 after a consonant
- 랑 after a vowel
8
Q
이랑/랑 example
A
밥이랑 김치 주세요. = Please give me rice and kimchi.
9
Q
와/과
A
- Means ‘and/with’
- More formal and primarily used in written contexts or very formal spoken contexts.
10
Q
그러데/근데
A
- Means ‘but/however/by the way’
- most frequently used.
11
Q
그러데/근데 example
A
- 어제는 비가 와어요, 근데 오늘은 날씨가 좋아요. = Yesterday, it rained but today the weather is good.
12
Q
~지만
A
- Means ‘but/although”
- is attached to verb or adjective stems.
- Very common.
- Can link two clauses within a single sentence.
13
Q
하지만
A
- Means ‘but/however’
- Standalone word.
- More formal than 그런데.
- Often starts a new sentence.
14
Q
~지만 example
A
- 한국어는 어렵지만 재미있어요. = Korean is difficult but interesting
15
Q
하지만 example
A
- 저는 가고 싶어요. 하지만, 시간이 없어요. = I want to go. However I don’t have the time.
16
Q
그렇지만
A
- Means ‘but/however’
- Similar to 하지만.
- Often used at the beginning of a new sentence.
- Can convey a slightly stronger sense of contrast or disappointment.
17
Q
~ㄴ/은 데 / 는데
A
- Means ‘but/however/and’
- used to provide background information
18
Q
~ㄴ/은 데 / 는데 example
A
- 배고픈데 뭐 먹을 까요? = I’m hungry but what should we eat?
- 어제 친구 만났는데 정말 좋았어요. = I met a friend yesterday and it was really good.
19
Q
그래서
A
- Means ‘so/therefore’
- Indicates a cause-and-effect relationship.
20
Q
그래서 example
A
- 비가 와요 그래서 우산왔어요. = It’s raining so I brought an umbrella.
21
Q
그러니까
A
- Means ‘so/therefore’
- Can sometimes emphasises the reason or imply a reccomendation/command based on preceeding statement.
- Can also function as a filler when thinking.
22
Q
그러니까 example
A
- 너무 피곤 해요.= I’m so tired, therefore I should rest.
23
Q
~아/어서
A
- Connective ending meaning ‘because/so.’
- Indicates cause and effect where the first action directly leads to the second.
- It can’t be used with commands or proposals
24
Q
~아/어서 example
A
- 머리아프아서 약 먹었어요. = My head hurt so I took medicine.
25
~니까/으니까
- Connective ending meaning 'because/since.'
- Often emphasises the reason and can be used with commands or proposals.
26
~니까/으니까 example
- 시간이 없으니까 빠리 가요. = Since there is no time, lets go quickly.
27
아니면
- Means 'or'
- Standalone word.
- Primarily used to connect two sentences or clauses where a choice is presented.
28
아니면 example
- 커피 마실래요? 아면 차 마실래요? = Do you want to drink coffee or do you want to drink tea?
29
거나
- Means 'or'
- Connective ending that attaches to a verb or adjective stem indicating a choice between actions or states.
30
거나 example
- 주말에 영화를 보거나 책을 읽어요. = At the weekend, I watch films or read books.
31
~나/이나
- Means 'or'
- Used to connect two nouns.
- 나 for vowels
- 이나 for consonants
32
~나/이나 example
- 사관나 바나나 주세요. = Please give me an apple or a banana.
33
면/으면
- Connective ending which means 'if/when'
- Connective
34
그러면/그럼
- Means 'then/in that case'
- 그럼 is a very common, shortened, informal version.
35
그러면/그럼 example
- 배고파요. 그럼 먹으럼 갈까요? = I'm hungry, then shall we go eat?
