Conres final

Question 1

Negative Peace

Answer 1

The absence of violence
The presence of structural/systematic violence is prevalent.
Divided society along race, gender, ethnic identity and income.
A country where diplomatic negotiation and peacekeeping and peace restoring work is underway.

Question 2

Positive Peace

Answer 2

There is neither overt violence nor the more substile phenomenon of underlying structural violence.
There is compensation made meaning that there are no inferiors in the community and no privileged and underprivileged classes of society.
The presence of attitudes, institutions, and structures to create and sustain peaceful societies.
Factors not only sustain peace but also support an environment where human potential flourishes.

Question 3

Pillars (of positive peace)

Answer 3

Well-functioning government, Sound Business environment, Equitable distribution of Resources, Acceptance of the Rights of others, Good Relations with Neighbors, Free Flow of Information, High Levels of Human Capita, Low levels of Corruption.

Question 4

conflict resolution

Answer 4

the process of examining the deep-rooted sources of conflicts. The behavior is no longer hostile, and the structure of the conflict has been changed reaching a positive agreement. It can be resolved through mediation or other intervention processes.

Question 5

Conflict management

Answer 5

involves the control, but not the resolution, of a long-term or deep-rooted conflict. Suggests that the goal is the reduction or control of volatility, rather than dealing with the real source of the problem.

Question 6

Conflict Transformation

Answer 6

restoring or building good relationships beyond the resolution of conflicts. Reconciliation between parties to live together.
Personal Changes
Relational Changes
Structural Changes
Cultural Changes

Question 7

Conflict Prevention

Answer 7

tries to anticipate the destructive aspects of the conflict before they arise and attempts to take positive measures to prevent them from occurring.
monitoring a tense situation.
intervention to stabilize a potentially violent conflict before it outbreaks.
initiating activities that address the root causes as well as the triggers of a dispute.
institutionalizing the idea of preventing violence at the local, regional, and international levels.

Question 8

Peacekeeping

Answer 8

refers to a direct deployment of personnel from a UN/regional organization in the field.

Question 9

Modern (peacekeeping POST-cold war)

Answer 9

forceful humanitarian intervention is designed to rescue civilians amid internal armed conflicts.
intervention is designed to limit the effects of a conflict and assist in creating the conditions for its termination and humanitarian aid.

Question 10

Traditional (peacekeeping DURING the cold war)

Answer 10

Consent (neutral body)
Impartiality
non- or minimum use of force only in self-defense

Question 11

Peacemaking steps

Answer 11

1. reaching a cease-fire agreement.
2. distinguish between the positions held by the parties and their underlying interests.
3. decide which methods of conflict resolution work best.

Question 12

Peacekeeping Methods

Answer 12

negotiation, mediation, facilitation, arbitration, and reconciliation

Question 13

negotiation (peacekeeping)

Answer 13

the process of discussion and give-and-take between two or more disputants who seek the solution to a common problem

Question 14

mediation (peacekeeping)

Answer 14

a process where a third party assists or facilitates the disputing parties to communicate better and develop a satisfactory solution

Question 15

facilitation (peacekeeping)

Answer 15

a neutral person helps a group work together. A third party does not impose a solution to the conflict.

Question 16

arbitration (peacekeeping)

Answer 16

the decision wether or not the outcome will be binding

Question 17

reconciliation (peacekeeping)

Answer 17

tries to find durable solutions to the issues underlying the conflict

Question 18

Peace Enforcement

Answer 18

collective security schemes that rely on the identification of an aggressor in any international conflict that involves the (actual or threatened) use of force

Question 19

Peacebuilding

Answer 19

the work of peacemaking and peacekeeping by addressing structural issues and long-term relationships. It occurs after violent conflict has slowed down or come to a halt.

Question 20

Implementation of Peacebuilding

Answer 20

• Military and security activities such as demobilization, disarmament and destruction of arms.
• Humanitarian activities such as repatriation and resettlement of refugees.
• Political action such as fostering good-governance
• Economic and Social activities involving reconstruction of war-torn economies, and major infrastructural development.

Question 21

UNSC

Answer 21

• maintains international peace and security
• financial limitations
• doctrinal or legal limitations to intervene inside member states
• lack of high political will and resource commitment from member states.
• ideological and political among the UNSC member states.

Question 22

Regional Peacekeeping Capacity

Answer 22

provide necessary technical peacekeeping support to personnel of regional organizations. the role of the UN is to formulate the mandates and doctrines of peacekeeping. It provides financial assistance, joint trainings, and hybrid operations

Question 23

Mediation (ConRes Steps)

Answer 23

bargaining; the process of discussion and give-and-take between two or more disputants, who seek to find a solution to a common problem.

Question 24

Negotiation (ConRes Steps)

Answer 24

a conflict resolution process in which a third party assists or facilitates the disputants to communicate better, analyze their conflicts and their options and to develop a mutually satisfactory solution.

Question 25

Facilitation (ConRes Steps)

Answer 25

a process in which a neutral person helps a group work together more effectively. Good facilitators can help groups stay on task and be more creative, efficient, and productive.

Question 26

Third Party's Role in Facilitation

Answer 26

The third party's role is to minimize obstacles to the negotiation including those that emanate from a power imbalance. In the final analysis, it is the decision and agreement of the conflict parties that determines how the conflict will be resolved. A third party does not impose a solution to the conflict.

Question 27

Arbitration

Answer 27

a legal solution; The parties in conflict can also sometimes identify the basis upon which their case will be heard and decide whether or not the outcome will be binding. The solution is decided by an outsider such as International Criminal Court (ICJ) or other regional courts.

Question 28

Reconciliation

Answer 28

This approach not only tries to find durable solutions to the issues underlying the conflict but also works to transform the adversaries‘ relationships so that resentment and hostility can be turned towards a more positive relationship and greater harmony.

Question 29

John Galtung

Answer 29

The father of peace studies

Question 30

NEW PRINCIPLE IN MODERN PEACEKEEPING

Answer 30

the use of regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action