Conscience Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

What is Freuds book?

A

‘the outline of psychoanalysis’

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2
Q

what is the quote about the syneresis rule argued by Aquinas?

A

“that good must be done and evil avoided”

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3
Q

what is conscientia?

A

when the primary precepts are applied to situations
reason is used to make moral judgements

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4
Q

what did Aquinas argue was the conscience?

A

ratio used to understand and apply God’s natural law
understanding and applying natural moral law

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5
Q

what are the three features called that Aquinas argued was how the conscience works when applied to knowledge and decision making through our reason?

A
  1. witness
  2. bind and incite
  3. accuse, torment and rebuke
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6
Q

out of the three features our conscience used when making a moral decision, which one did Aquinas argue brought a ‘guilty conscience’?

A

final one
accuse
torment and
rebuke

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7
Q

what did Aquinas blame caused a mistake when making a moral decision?
what couldn’t make a mistake?

A

conscientia makes the mistake because of our application of the primary precepts

syneresis rule and primary precepts couldn’t be mistaken

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8
Q

name the two ignorances Aquinas presents for the conscience?

A

visible ignorance
invincible ignorance

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9
Q

what are the ignorances describe as a whole ?

A

errors in your conscience that has led you to do a sinful act and you’ll either be forgiven or pardoned depending on the type of ignorance that caused the error

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10
Q

whats invincible ignorance?
sounds like invisible!

A

where a person couldn’t have known better and so are not to blame for their actions
ie: a drunk person suddenly jumps infront of your car there was nothing you could have done , you wouldn’t be held responsible for hitting them

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11
Q

whats visible ignorance?

A

circumstances where a person could have known better and so are to blame for their actions
. ignorance for when a moral principle is relevant to a situation
ie: serving a dish to a person that has a nut allergy and not checking the ingredient packaging because you didn’t think it would be a problem. ignorant should have checked

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12
Q

what’s descriptive moral relativism?

A

vastly different moral beliefs across cultures

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13
Q

why did Flecther argue there couldn’t be a God-given ability of reason to discover natural law?

A

due to descriptive moral relativism
because everyone has a different culture etc. if we all had the same understanding of God given reason then should expect there to be more moral agreement than there is

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14
Q

how did Aquinas argue humanity come to know the syneresis rule and the primary precepts?

A

human reason can gain knowledge of God’s natural moral law through the ability to reason

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15
Q

why did Karl Barth reject Aquinas’ argument on the conscience?

A

placed a dangerous over reliance on human reason
if mankind able to know God through their own efforts revelation would be deemed as unnecessary
but God sent Jesus as revelation so God clearly thought it was important

also argued our minds are finite so we can never fully grasp about God

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16
Q

what did Freud argue the conscience was a result off?

A

psychological forces that science could understand

17
Q

name the three parts freud argued our mind is divided into?

A

Id- unconscious animalistic desires
Ego - conscious decision making self
Super-ego - stores values we adopted from society during childhood

18
Q

how do all three parts of the mind work together when deciding whether the action we want to do is morally correct?
argued by Freud

A

desire bubbles up in our unconscious Id
then lead to our conscious ego where we become aware of wanting to act on the desire
our super-ego tells us whether the values of society would allow this desire to be morally acceptable
if so we can act on the desire
if not been conditioned to suppress it

19
Q

why did Freud argue our conscience wasn’t from God?

A

what society wants from us

20
Q

who was Freud influenced by?
what did they argue?

A

Nietzche who was a German philosopher
argued human conscious mind developed by necessity when. humans underwent radical change

21
Q

what is psychosexual development?

A

psychological development
each part associated with particular part of the body as the libido

22
Q

name the psychosexual stages of development in order with the ages
5 stages

A
  1. oral (0-1)
  2. Anal (1-3)
  3. Phallic (3-6 years)
  4. Latency (6 to puberty)
  5. Genital (puberty to adulthood)
23
Q

what is the oral stage of psychosexual development?

A

0-1 years
sucking and swallowing

24
Q

what is the anal stage of psychosexual development?

A

1-3 years
withholding and expelling

25
what is the phallic stage of psychosexual development?
3-6 years concerned about master----
26
what is the latency stage of psychosexual development?
6 to puberty concerned about absence of sexual motivation
27
what is genital stage of psychosexual development?
puberty to adulthood concerned with sexual intercourse
28
what was Freuds horse analogy used to demonstrate?
relationship between the id and the ego
29
freud used a horse analogy to present the relationship between the id and ego , explain the analogy
horse = id rider = the ego rider manages and guides the horse similarly to how the ego guides the id
30
how is Freuds psychosexual development stages linked to the development of the conscience?
during phallic stage (3-6 years) boys Oedipus Complex where they gain a possession of their mother and a desire to replace their father out of fear of being punished by their father they identify with their father through identifying with their father , they internalise their fathers morals , values and social expectations , causing their super ego to become developed
31
what stage of the psychosexual development is when the ego is developed?
anal stage (1-3 years) pleasure gained through self control like going to the toilet
32
for Aquinas, what did he argue caused guilt?
gnawing sense the action committed is not good and not in accordance with the divine law
33
for aquinas what indicated that the moral action committed was not right?
syneresis and as a result you feel guilt
34
how did Aquinas argue the relationship is restores between God and the individual when a sin has been committed?
guilt must be extinguished and good relations must be established God's grace extinguishes the guilt
35
what did Freud argue is the result of guilt?
internal conflict within the mind struggle between what you desire and what you feel you should or shouldn't do
36
finish the quote by Freud about guilt "The tension between the demands of..."
"The tension between the demands of conscience and the atoll demands of the ego is experienced as a sense of guilt" - The ego and Id (freud)
37
True or False 'Freud argued guilt is a consequence of wrongdoing'
false cause of future wrongdoing
38
Both Freud and Aquinas demonstrate a link between guilt and desire , what did Aquinas argue? what story from the Bible was used ?
guilt and desire embraced all sensual desire Adam and Eve gave into their sensual desires when they were tempted and ate from the tree of knowledge which they then experiences guilt when realised were naked and had done wrong
39
Both Freud and Aquinas demonstrate a link between guilt and desire , what did Freud argue? what story used
guilt and desire linked used story of Adam and Eve in the garden of evil when had the desire to eat the fruit but then felt a sense of guilt afterwards as aware of nakedness freud argued tension between desire for the fruit of knowledge , encouraged by the ID and a sense of guilt after doing something God (authority figure) had prohibited