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ETHICS 2 > CONSCIENCE: AQUINAS > Flashcards

CONSCIENCE: AQUINAS Flashcards

1
Q

What is Aquinas’ approach?

A

Theological.

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2
Q

What does Aquinas explain conscience as being?

A

The God-given gift of ratio.

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3
Q

What does he link conscience too?

A

Syneresis, a human inclination toward good.

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4
Q

What did St Augustine of Hippo believe conscience was alternatively?

A

Reason, the intellect, and the mind were all one power in human beings.

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5
Q

Why is ratio a fundamental part of human beings according to Aquinas?

A

Of all creatures, only humans deliberate over moral matters.

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6
Q

How can ratio be viewed as progressive?

A

Ratio moves our thinking from one thing to another.

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7
Q

What does St Paul’s letter to the Romans suggest that Aquinas proposes?

A

That we can move from the knowledge of this world to the knowledge of the eternal world.

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8
Q

What did Aquinas note was within us?

A

Sensuality, which tempts us towards evil, as demonstrated by the Garden of Eden.

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9
Q

What are the two things present in humans?

A

Syneresis and Sensuality

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10
Q

What overall view did Aquinas have of humans?

A

Positive, tend to lean towards the good.

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11
Q

What have some Christian writers described Conscientia as?

A

A kind of spark of moral wisdom.

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12
Q

What did Aquinas understand conscientia as?

A

‘Reason making right decisions’.

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13
Q

What is conscience for Aquinas?

A

An act within a person, a pronouncement of the mind.

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14
Q

Give a quote about conscientia from Summa Theologica?

A

“The same is manifest from those things which are attributed to conscience.”

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15
Q

What does St Paul say about going against reason?

A

“Everything that does not come from faith is sin.”

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16
Q

What does going against faith mean for Aquinas?

A

Faith means coming from conscience.

17
Q

What does Aquinas say human beings should do?

A

What they think is right, and that they can use reason to discern correctly.

18
Q

What are the two types of ignorance according to Aquinas?

A

Vincible ignorance and invincible ignorance.

19
Q

What is vincible ignorance?

A

Lack of knowledge for which a person can be held responsible.

20
Q

What is invincible ignorance?

A

Lack of knowledge for which a person is not responsible.

21
Q

What scenario does Aquinas use to explain this idea of ignorance?

A

The situation where mistaken reason bids a man to sleep with another man’s wife, thinking she’s his own wife. He is free from fault.

22
Q

What does John Henry Newman state about conscience?

A

“Conscience is the aboriginal Vicar of Christ.”

23
Q

What does St Paul say in Romans about ignorance?

A

“everything that does not come from faith is sin.”

24
Q

What does Aquinas state about invincible ignorance?

A

Aquinas does not believe that God will condemn humans for invincible ignorance.

25
Q

What does Aquinas’ theory assume?

A

The same telos for all - ‘goodness’.

26
Q

What further information does Aquinas give on ignorance?

A

Recognises that people feel deeply responsible for things they could not have foreseen. We cannot help this as it is invincible ignorance.

27
Q

What is conscience an act of?

A

Using reason to progress towards the good, telos, perfection.

28
Q

What is conscience strongly linked to for Aquinas? What does it make us different from?

A

Ratio from God - makes us different from animals - “imageo dei”.

29
Q

How does Aquinas’ theory differ to Freud’s?

A

Aquinas asserts that God and religion bring humans wholeness - following divine law and rightly reasoning make us better people.

30
Q

For Aquinas what banishes guilt from a person?

A

God’s Grace.

31
Q

What example does Pope Benedict XVI reflect upon when considering conscience?

A

Jesus’ trial.

32
Q

Which two of these does our ratio help us connect with?

A

Divine & Eternal Law.

ETHICS 2 (13 decks)

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