consciousness l and ll

Question 1

what is dualism?

Answer 1

the mind and body being held seperate

Question 2

give examples for consciousness, preconsciousness, and unconsciousness

Answer 2

conscious: seeing, hearing, current problem-solving
preconscious: memories - mothers maiden name, first pets name
unconcious: unwanted desires

Question 3

what is the hightrack?

Answer 3

in the conscious, deliberate actions, awareness, reflection

Question 4

what is the low track?

Answer 4

in the unconscious, automatic actions, 0 deliberate actions

Question 5

give examples for both the hightrack and the lowtrack

Answer 5

hightrack: problem solving, naming an object
lowtrack: walking, moving your hand

Question 6

what is the stroop effect?

Answer 6

lots of practice reading words makes it automatic, think of example with words of colours coloured in opposite

Question 7

what is selective attention?

Answer 7

focus is on limited number of things in hightrack, we tune out everything else

Question 8

is the cocktail party effect apart of selective attention or inattention?

Answer 8

selective attention, its apart of low track

Question 9

what is selective inattention?

Answer 9

attention is on something specific, so dont notice certain info, inattentional blindess

Question 10

give example of change blindness

Answer 10

magician doing trick in one hand while the other is used to distract the person watching

Question 11

give example of choice blindness

Answer 11

think of the video about jam, where people have an illusion of choice kinda

Question 12

name the 3 forms of spontaneous consciousness

Answer 12

daydreaming, drowsiness, dreaming

Question 13

name the 3 forms of physiologically induced consciousness

Answer 13

hallucinations, orgasm, food/oxygen starvation

Question 14

name the 3 forms of psychologically induced consciousness

Answer 14

sensory deprivation, hypnosis, meditation

Question 15

give examples of biological rythms

Answer 15

period cycle, bird migration, hibernation, circadian ryhtm

Question 16

what does the circadian rythm affect?

Answer 16

body temperature, hormones, arousal/energy levels, ability to digest food

Question 17

what is the MEQ questionnaire, and what did it find?

Answer 17

morningness and eveningness (larks/owls), found that people in 50s+ peak in the day and have around 22hr rhythm, people in 20s peak in the night and have around a 26hr rhythm

Question 18

caffein consumption and rhythm?

Answer 18

longer biorythm: caffeine early in the day
shorter biorythm: caffeine later in the day

Question 19

personal relationships and rhythms?

Answer 19

mismatch in rhythms create interpersonal difficulties

Question 20

who benefits more from a 9-5 workweek?

Answer 20

short biorhythms

Question 21

examples of why we know biorhythms exist

Answer 21

jet lag - takes time to adjust to new cycles of light
timeless room - gradual new schedule of 25hrs

Question 22

what are sleep stages?

Answer 22

patterns of brain waves and muscle activity

Question 23

what are sleep cycles?

Answer 23

pattern of going through all the sleep stages throughout the night

Question 24

how many sleep stages are there, and what are they?

Answer 24

4 in total, REM and then non-REM which is N1, N2, N3

Question 25

what is REM?

Answer 25

dreaming, only 25% of total sleep time, heart rate and breathing rates go up

Question 26

what is non-REM?

Answer 26

slow brainwaves, deep sleep

Question 27

describe all the non-REM stages

Answer 27

N1: drowsiness N2: deeper sleep N3: deepest sleep

Question 28

how does biology affect quality/quantity of sleep?

Answer 28

our clock is set by exposure to light

Question 29

how does age affect quality/quantity of sleep?

Answer 29

newborns sleep about 16hrs, while adults sleeo about 8hrs

Question 30

how does culture affect quality/quantity of sleep?

Answer 30

north americans sleep less than other nations

Question 31

how do indiv. differences affect quality/quantity of sleep?

Answer 31

genetics: some better with 6hrs while some better with 9hrs sleep disorders: FASP

Question 32

what is sleep hygiene and what are examples for it?

Answer 32

having a good bedroom environment ex: no lights, excercise

Question 33

give examples of why we sleep

Answer 33

restores brain/body builds/strengthens memory sleep deprivation = bad period for waste to be removed from brain

Question 34

what does sleep deprivation do to the body

Answer 34

weight gain, lower concentration, higher blood pressure, higher risk of illness,

Question 35

why are car accidents more at risk because of sleep deprivation?

Answer 35

impaired attention, lower reaction time

Question 36

name all 6 sleep disorders

Answer 36

insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, night terrors, sleep walking, sleep paralysis

Question 37

what are some interpretations of dreams?

Answer 37

psychoanalytic from freud: manifest content, latent content other: - dreams do have real things incorporated into them - to satisfy our own wishes - file away memories - cognitive dev. - make sense of neural static

Question 38

what is blindsight?

Answer 38

visual cortex is damaged but eyes still function, therefore doing things without being consciously aware

Question 39

what are the three physiological factors that influence consciousness (via drugs)

Answer 39

depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens

Question 40

what are depressants?

Answer 40

drugs that reduce neural activity

Question 41

what are the three effects of alcohol?

Answer 41

inhibition of nervous system, reduced memory formation, impaired self-control

Question 42

what are the two effects of barbiturates

Answer 42

inhibition of nervous system, promote falling asleep

Question 43

what are the two effects of opiates?

Answer 43

depress nervous system (produce high euphoria), works at the body's pain reducers

Question 44

what are stimulants?

Answer 44

increase neural activity and bodily functions

Question 45

what are some effects of nicotine?

Answer 45

boosts attention, heart rate and blood pressure rise, supresses appetite

Question 46

what are the effects of cocaine/meth

Answer 46

increases levels of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, short-lived euphoria

Question 47

what are the effects of ecstasy/MDMA

Answer 47

increases dopamine/serotonin, hallucinations, social connections are higher, dehydration, impaired memory, supressed immune system

Question 48

what are some hallucinogens?

Answer 48

LSD, marijuana

Question 49

what is associated with addiction?

Answer 49

tolerance to the drug, withdrawal, dependence, negative impact of substance on daily life

Question 50

what is the basic difference between physical and psychological dependence?

Answer 50

physical: body has been altered, things like withdrawal create cravings psychological: the drug becomes needed in almost every situation, a coping strategy

Question 51

what is tolerance?

Answer 51

how much of a drug you can take before the effects are diminished, after repeated use

Question 52

what is withdrawal?

Answer 52

symptoms experienced when the substance wears off

Question 53

what are some things associated with substance use disorder?

Answer 53

giving up social/occupational activities because of use, using substances even if dangerous, needing large amounts to get the desired effect, withdrawal symptoms

Question 54

what factors can influence substance use disorder?

Answer 54

biological, psychological, social-cultural

Question 55

what are the three things people can use instead of drugs to alter consciousness?

Answer 55

hypnosis, sensory deprivation, meditation

Question 56

what are qualities that help with hypnosis?

Answer 56

able to concentrate, active imagination

Question 57

is sensory deprivation harmless?

Answer 57

no, if done for prolonged amounts of time then disorders of perception may happen