Consciousness unit

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Is a person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.

Question 2

Phenomenology

Answer 2

The study of how things seem to the conscious person.

Question 3

Problem of other minds

Answer 3

The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.

Question 4

Mind-body problem

Answer 4

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.

Question 5

Consciousness four basic properties

Answer 5

Intentionality
Unity
Selectivity
Transience

Question 6

Intentionality

Answer 6

Which is the quality of being directed towards an object. Consciousness is always about something.

Question 7

Unity

Answer 7

Which is resistance to division, or the ability to integrate information from all of the body’s senses into one coherent whole

Question 8

Selectivity

Answer 8

The capacity to include some objects but not others.

Question 9

Transience

Answer 9

The tendency to change.

Question 10

Dichotic listening

Answer 10

A task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages in each ear

Question 11

Cocktail-party phenomenon

Answer 11

A phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby.

Question 12

Minimal consciousness

Answer 12

A low level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behaviour.

Question 13

Full consciousness

Answer 13

A level of consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

Question 14

Self-consciousness

Answer 14

A distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object.

Question 15

Mental control

Answer 15

The attempt to change conscious states of mind.

Question 16

Thought suppression

Answer 16

The conscious avoidance of a thought.

Question 17

Rebound effect of thought suppression

Answer 17

The tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression.

Question 18

Ironic processes of mental control

Answer 18

A mental process that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them.

Question 19

Dynamic unconscious

Answer 19

Sigmund freud
An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces.

Question 20

Repression

Answer 20

A mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious.
Freud

Question 21

cognitive unconscious

Answer 21

All the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behaviour even though they are not experienced by the person.

Question 22

dual process theories

Answer 22

Theories that suggest that we have two different systems in our brains for processing information: one dedicated to fast, automatic, and unconscious processing, and the other dedicated to slow, effortful, and conscious processing.

Question 23

​​Altered state of consciousness

Answer 23

A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.

Question 24

Circadian rhythm

Answer 24

A naturally occurring 24-hour cycle.

Question 25

REM sleep

Answer 25

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity.

Question 26

Electrooculograph (EOG)

Answer 26

An instrument that measures eye movements.

Question 27

insomnia

Answer 27

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.

Question 28

sleep apnea

Answer 28

A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.

Question 29

somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Answer 29

Occurs when a person arises and walks around while asleep.

Question 30

narcolepsy

Answer 30

A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities.

Question 31

sleep paralysis

Answer 31

The experience of waking up unable to move.

Question 32

sleep terrors (night terrors)

Answer 32

Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal.

Question 33

manifest content

Answer 33

A dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning.

Question 34

latent content

Answer 34

A dream's true underlying meaning.

Question 35

activation-synthesis model

Answer 35

The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep.

Question 36

psychoactive drugs

Answer 36

Chemicals that influence consciousness or behaviour by altering the brain's chemical message system.

Question 37

drug tolerance

Answer 37

The tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect.

Question 38

Physical dependence

Answer 38

refers to the pain, convulsions, hallucinations, or other unpleasant symptoms that accompany withdrawal from drug use.

Question 39

Psychological dependence

Answer 39

refers to a strong desire to return to the drug even when physical withdrawal symptoms are gone.

Question 40

Depressants

Answer 40

are substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system.

Question 41

Alcohol

Answer 41

is king of the depressants, with its worldwide use beginning in prehistory.

Question 42

Expectancy theory

Answer 42

refers to the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people's expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations

Question 43

Balanced placebo design:

Answer 43

a study designed in which behviour is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus

Question 44

stimulants

Answer 44

Substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels.

Question 45

alcohol myopia

Answer 45

A condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations.

Question 46

narcotics (opiates)

Answer 46

Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain.

Question 47

hallucinogens

Answer 47

Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.

Question 48

marijuana (cannabis)

Answer 48

The leaves and buds of the hemp plant, which contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Question 49

gateway drug

Answer 49

A drug whose use increases the risk of the subsequent use of more harmful drugs.

Question 50

hypnosis

Answer 50

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person's (the participant's) subjective experience of the world.

Question 51

posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 51

The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.

Question 52

hypnotic analgesia

Answer 52

The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.