Consonants

Question 1

What are consonants?

Answer 1

Sounds produced by an obstruction in the vocal area

Question 2

Bilabial

Answer 2

Lower lip articulates with the upper lip /b/ /p/ /m/

Question 3

Dental

Answer 3

The tongue tip articulates with the top teeth /th/

Question 4

Labiodental

Answer 4

The lower lip articulates with the upper teeth /f/ /v/

Question 5

Alveolar

Answer 5

Tongue tip articulates with the alveolar ridge /d/ /z/ /n/ /l/

Question 6

Alveo-palatal

Answer 6

Tongue (excluding the tip) makes simultaneous contact with the alveolar ridge and hard palate /č/ /š/ /dž/

Question 7

Palatal

Answer 7

Tongue blade articulates with the hard palate

Question 8

Velar

Answer 8

The tongue back articulates with velum

Question 9

Glottal

Answer 9

Tongue and other parts of the mouth are inactive - air passes through narrowed glottis

Question 10

Plosives (stops)

Answer 10

Sounds made by completely blocking the air-stream /p/ /t/ /k/

Question 11

Affricates

Answer 11

Sounds consisting of a stop followed immediately by a fricative /č/ /dž/

Question 12

Fricatives

Answer 12

Narrow gap between articulators -> air-stream passes under pressure which causes friction /f/ /s/ /š/ /v/

Question 13

Nasals

Answer 13

Air-stream flows through the nose /m/ /n/

Question 14

Approximants

Answer 14

Made with minimal narrowing of vocal cords, no friction /r/ /l/ /j/
subcategories:
LIQUIDS
GLIDES
TRILLS

Question 15

Liquids

Answer 15

Subcategory of Approximants

Air-stream escapes around one or both sides of the tongue - tip of tongue forms a complete closure against the alveolar ridge /l/ /r/

Question 16

Glides

Answer 16

Semi-vowels produced with tongue that glides from one side to another /w/ /j/

Question 17

Trills

Answer 17

One articulator is made to vibrate /ŕ/