Constitutionalism

Question 1

Absolutism

Answer 1

The theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally

Question 2

Bill of Rights

Answer 2

English document declaring that sovereignty resided with Parliament

Question 3

Charles I

Answer 3

Stuart king who brought conflict with Parliament to a head and was subsequently executed

Question 4

Charles II

Answer 4

Stuart king during the Restoration, following Cromwell’s Interregnum

Question 5

Colbert

Answer 5

The financial minister under the French king Louis XIV who promoted mercantilist policies

Question 6

Constitutionalism

Answer 6

The theory that power should be shared between rulers and their subjects and the state governed according to laws

Question 7

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 7

The principal leader and a gentry member of the Puritans in Parliament

Question 8

Diggers and Levellers

Answer 8

Radical groups in England in the 1650’s who called for the abolition of private ownership and extension of the franchise

Question 9

Divine right monarchy

Answer 9

The belief that a monarch’s power derives from God and represents Him on earth

Question 10

Frederick the Great

Answer 10

The Prussian ruler who expanded his territory by invading the duchy of Silesia and defeating Maria Theresa of Austria

Question 11

Frederick William

Answer 11

The “Great Elector”, who built a strong Prussian army and infused military values into Prussian society

Question 12

French Classicism

Answer 12

The style in 17th century art and literature resembling the arts in the ancient world and in the Renaissance

Question 13

Fronde

Answer 13

The last aristocratic revolt against a French monarch

Question 14

Glorious Revolution

Answer 14

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange

Question 15

Habeas corpus

Answer 15

The legal protection that prohibits the imprisonment of a subject without demonstrated cause

Question 16

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 16

Political theorist advocating absolute monarchy based on his concept of an anarchic state of nature

Question 17

Interregnum

Answer 17

The period of Cromwellian rule, between the Stuart dynastic rules of Charles I and Charles II

Question 18

James I

Answer 18

Stuart monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted the divine right of kings

Question 19

James II

Answer 19

Final Stuart ruler; he was forced to abdicate in favor of William and Mary, who agreed to the Bill of rights, guaranteeing parliamentary supremacy

Question 20

John Locke

Answer 20

Political theorist who defended the Glorious Revolution with the argument that all people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty and property

Question 21

Louis XIV

Answer 21

Also known as the ‘Sun King’; the ruler of France who established the supremacy of absolutism in 17th century Europe

Question 22

Maria Theresa

Answer 22

Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary, who lost the Hapsburg possession of Silesia to Frederick the Great but was able to keep her other Austrian territories.

Question 23

Mercantilism

Answer 23

Governmental policies by which the state regulates the economy, through taxes, tariffs, subsidies, and laws

Question 24

New Model Army

Answer 24

The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war

Question 25

Peace of Utrecht

Answer 25

The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain, and conferring control of Gibraltar on England

Question 26

Peter the Great

Answer 26

The Romanov czar who initiated the westernization of Russian society by travelling to the West and incorporation techniques of manufacturing as well ad manners an dress.

Question 27

Petition of Right

Answer 27

Parliamentary document that restricted the king's power. Most notably, it called for recognition of the writ of habeas corpus and held that only Parliament could impose new taxes

Question 28

Puritan Revolution

Answer 28

A reference to the English civil war, waged to determine whether sovereignty would reside in the monarch or in Parliament

Question 29

Puritans

Answer 29

Protestant sect in England hoping to 'purify' the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization

Question 30

Restoration

Answer 30

The return of the Stuart monarchy after the period of republican government under Cromwell-in fact, a military dictatorship

Question 31

Test Act

Answer 31

Law prohibitihg Catholics and dissenters to hold political office

Question 32

Versailles

Answer 32

Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility

Question 33

War of the Spanish Succession

Answer 33

The last of Louis XIV's wars involving the issue of succession to the Spanish Throne

Question 34

William of Orange

Answer 34

Dutch price and foe to Louis XIV who became king of England in 1689