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3 APC_J Brookes > Construction Technology > Flashcards

Construction Technology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Why is it important to understand construction technology?

A

Awareness of construction methodologies so that you can build up rates and produce cost plans

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2
Q

What is cold bridging?

A

Compromised penetration of insulation. Heat escapes.

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3
Q

Can you name some banned substances?

A

Asbestos
Lead paint

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4
Q

What is ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ construction?

A

Top Down:
Speed up construction
Floor slab is formed with hatch for excavation

Bottom Up:
Traditional and simple
Form basement and work up
Longer programme

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5
Q

What is scabbling?

A

Piston driven head to break up concrete
Thin layer removed
Rougher surface for better grip

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6
Q

What are the benefits of external walls?

A

Fire resistance
Weather protection
Thermal performance
Sound reduction

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7
Q

Can you give examples of temporary works?

A

Scaffold - provides safe workspace at height
Hoists - vertical transportation of materials/people
Shoring - Temp support given to structures to avoid collapse

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8
Q

What are the components of concrete?

A

Cement 10%
Aggregate 75%
Water 15%

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9
Q

What are the dimensions of a brick and a block?

A

Brick:
215mm x 102.5mm x 65mm
60/m2

Block:
440mm x 100mm x 215mm
10/m2

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10
Q

What is a composite slab?

A

Profiled steel deck acting as permanent soffit, while providing formwork to an insitu concrete infill

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11
Q

What is a post tension concrete slab?

A

Reinforcement is run through centre of slab; tensioned

Advantages:
Stronger - span further
Thinner - less material

Disadvantages:
Complex - skilled labour

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12
Q

What are bore holes?

A

Used for soil and ground investigations
Narrow shaft in the soil

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13
Q

What are the elements of a flat roof?

A

Joists - fixed to wall plates
Furrings - Fixed to joists to give incline
Particle board - Fixed to furrings to give flat surface
Felt - 3 layers bonded with bitumen
Stone chips - sun protection

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14
Q

What type of basements are there?

A

Retaining wall and raft:
Slab raft foundation that distributes building loads and walls retain

Box and Cellular:
Same as above but includes internal walls

Piled:
Loads carried to ground via columns

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15
Q

What grades are there for a basement?

A

G1 - basic car park
G2 - retail storage
G3 - liveable

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16
Q

What waterproofing options are there?

A

Dense monolithic:
Water tight using reinforced concrete

Tanking:
Asphalt, polythene sheeting; bitumen; internally/externally to create membrane

Drained cavity:
Collects seepage and drains away

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17
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a timber frame?

A

Shorter construction time
Less wet trades - no drying
Lightweight
Good thermal envelope

Disadvantages:
Builders not familiar
High condensation - need special design
Potential for wet rot

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18
Q

What factors to consider between concrete and steel frame?

A

Programme - steel quicker
Complex - steel more flexible
Fire protection requirements

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19
Q

Name the parts of a steel beam?
What’s the weight?

A

Flange; root; web
1 cubic inch = 283 pounds

One cubic meter of steel weighs about 7,850 kilogram [8 tonnes]

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20
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of steel frames?

A

Advantages:
Quick to assemble
High strength to weight ratio
Lighter - less foundations
Longer span

Disadvantages:
Needs fire protection
Insulation/sound
Experienced builders

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21
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of concrete frame?

A

Advantages:
Fire protection
Good sound and heat insulation
Insitu allows late alterations

Disadvantages:
More time consuming
Need for steel reinforcement
Heavier - larger foundations
Doesn’t span as well

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22
Q

What’s a foundation?

A

Transmits loads of a structure to the ground

Depending factors - Total load bearing capacity of soil

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23
Q

What types of load are there?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dead - All materials in structure
Live - People using the building and furniture
Super imposed - wind, snow

24
Q

What types of foundation are there?

Study These Flashcards
A

Raft - spread load over large base
Strip - light structural design
Pad - base for steel columns
Piled - a series of columns

25
What types of Piles are there?
Driven Pile - pile hammer Sheet - basement walls Interlocking Piles - m/f basement Bored - auger excavates soil, cap, pour concrete; - better for obstructions and deep piles CFA - Auger drills and concrete poured as rises Continguous - close together for basements
26
What is a Pile Cap?
Distributes load from building to piles
27
Pre-cast Piles vs Bored Piles?
Driven: Advantages: Quick to install No soil removed Disadvantages: Vibration Sound Cracking In Situ: Advanrages: Minimum levels of vibration/noise No cracking Disadvantages: Removal of soil Collapse of bore hole
28
What is Heave? What is underpinning?
Ground expands due to seasonal change Strengthening existing foundations
29
What is Cladding?
Components attached to primary structure Brick and block (140) Install sheafing Insulation Add cladding
30
What is Curtain Walling?
Non structural walls to the external wall (£750/m2) Stick - curtain wall frame constructed with glass inserts, bolted and welded Unitised - produced off site, on site modules tack together
31
Stick vs Unitised?
Stick: Higher labour costs Less lead time Longer to construct on site Unitised: Quicker to install More lead time
32
What methods of construction are there for concrete cores:
Slip Form - continuously rises Jump Form - supported by section previously cast
33
Types of floors?
Beam and Block: Fast Longer span Insulation Timber Reinforced Concrete: Time consuming Post Tension: Rebar pulled tight Thinner slabs Span longer Composite: Metal decking and concrete poured
34
Difference between CAT A and CAT B?
A - Fully functional but empty, inc services B - Finishes and furnishings
35
Types of heating and cooling systems?
Chiller: Fan coil unit Displacement system Boiler: Radiator Fan coil unit Under floor heating Heat Pump - FCC Boiler Heat Pump - Radiator/Under floor heating
36
Types of ventilation systems?
Air Handling Unit Natural and Stack MVHR - Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery system
37
Types of roof? (pitched)
Gable end: Rafter; ridge beam; purlins; struts; wall plate Hip: Hip rafter; valley rafter;
38
What is Attenuation?
Process of storing and slowly releasing surface water runoffs Tank - water stored in system Soakaway
39
What's an Air Source Heat Pump?
Moves existing outdoor heat energy inside Outside air warms refridgerant Turns to gas, goes to compressor Refridgerant transfers heat to cool air inside Lower running costs Reduces carbon emissions High capital cost
40
What's an Air Handling Unit?
Mechanical ventilation to circulate air Takes outside air and reconditions it Filters and heats Transfers to fan coil unit
41
What's a Fan Coil Unit?
Used to condition air to suit the requirements of room Heat and cooling coils
42
What is MVHR - Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery?
Provides filtered air whilst retaining most of heat energy Extracts air from main areas kitchen/bathroom Taken to central heat exchanger and heat recovery into air supply
43
Mechanical Ventilation Extract Only?
Draws air from main pollutant areas - kitchen/bathroom
44
Bore and Pile process? Dirven Pile process?
Bore and Pile: Temporary casing Auger drills Reinforcement Concrete Driven Pile: Piling rig Lifts pile Hammers Pile cutting
45
What are SIPs? Advantages and disadvantages?
Structural Insulated Panels - insulation between 2 structural facing less timber than timber frame Advantages: Thermal performance Rigid and strong Flexible - larger spans Craned in - less time Disadvantages: Flexibility of design Wood rot - wet More ventilation required
46
What is cold deck, warm deck, inverted roof?
Cold: Insulation ceiling level So void is colder Disadvantages - susceptible to condensation Warm: Insulation below membrane Advantages - lower risk of condensation Disadvantages - increased building height Inverted: Waterproofing below insulation Advantages - protected by insulation
47
Legislation on a project?
Construction Act CDM Asbestos and others … The Building Act (Regs) The Town and Country Planning Act (Planning laws) The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
48
What does Building Control need to sign off?
Ensure building requirements met Building control tracker
49
What is: 3 phase electrical supply? A way to connect floor boxes? CAT II lighting? a Substation?
Supply that consists of 3AC voltages Power supply to switchboard Fittings suitable for VDU screens and limit glare Transfer voltage from high to low
50
Types of screed?
Bonded - laid on rough, clean, concrete base Unbonded - laid on bitumen Resin - clean concrete and acts as waterproof base
51
Components of external wall?
Strip foundation Concrete block foundation wall DPC Air bricks Ground floor slab
52
Elements of a steel frame?
Beams Columns Purlins Eaves/eaves haunch Base plate Cladding rails
53
Panellised system?
Like unitised Large panel sections which connect to primary structural columns
54
Types of air conditioning systems?
Refrigerant - heat pump transfers from lower heat source to higher heat source Evaporative - outside air through wet pad Chillers - produces cold water
55
Types of excavation for basements?
Open - battered excavation which are cut back to an angle Perimeter - perimeter excavated, earthwork support, basement wall, and excavate centre Complete - centre excavated, base slab while sides supported
56
VAV vs VRF?
VAV - Variable Air Volume - vary airflow with constant temperature VRF - Variable Refridgerant Flow - heating cooling through heat pump

3 APC_J Brookes (16 decks)

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