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crime and deviance - sociology > contemporary issues - media > Flashcards

contemporary issues - media Flashcards

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1
Q

What 5 points would you use for media 30 marker?

A
  • News Values (Williams and Dickson)
  • encourages violence (Bandura)
  • The Media, Relative Deprivation and
    Crime (Lea and Young)
  • Moral Panics (Cohen)
  • Technology increases opportunities
    (Thomas and Loader)
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2
Q

What are the two points for how the media portrays crime?

A
  • News Values (Williams and Dickson)
  • Fictional Representation of Crime
    (Mandel)
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3
Q

What does the News Values theory of how media portrays crime argue?

A

Crime and deviance makes up a large proportion of news coverage. British newspapers devote up to 30% of their news space to crime.

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4
Q

What is are examples of how the media distorts the image of crime in the News Values theory?

A
  • Over-represent violent and sexual crime (46% of reports; violent/sexual crime, actually only 3% of recorded crime)
  • exaggerates police success
  • exaggerates risk of victimisation
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5
Q

What is the term in the News Values theory for overplaying extra ordinary crimes?

A

‘dramatic fallacy’

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6
Q

What does ‘dramatic fallacy’ mean in the News Values theory?

A

The media overplays extra ordinary crimes

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7
Q

What is the term in the News Values theory of the media making it out that you have to be clever to commit or solve crime?

A

‘ingenuity fallacy’

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8
Q

What does ‘ingenuity fallacy’ mean in the News Values theory?

A

The media making it out that you have to be clever to commit or solve crime

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9
Q

Which sociologists in the News Values theory argue that news is not discovered but manufactured?

A

Cohen and Young

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10
Q

Cohen and Young argue what about news in the News Values theory?

A

News is not discovered but manufactured

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11
Q

What criteria do journalists use to decide whether a story is newsworthy or not, in the News Values theory?

A
  • Immediacy
  • Dramatisation
  • Personalisation
  • Higher status persons or celebs
  • Simplification
  • Novelty or unexpectedness
  • Risk
  • Violence
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12
Q

What is a criticism of News Values theory of how media portrays crime argue?

A

Functionalism: Durkheim - media showing statistics about crime can be positive, warning light/boundary maintenance

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13
Q

Functionalism (Durkheim)- news showing statistics can be positive due to boundary maintenance and warning light is an evaluation for which theory of how media portrays crime?

A

News Values

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14
Q

What is the Fictional Representations of Crime theory of how media portrays crime?

A

Fictional representations from TV, cinema and novels are important sources of our knowledge of crime; so much of their output is crime related.

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15
Q

What is Mandel’s example in the Fictional Representations of Crime theory?

A

1945-1984, 10 billion crime thrillers were sold, 20% of movies are about crime

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16
Q

Who in the Fictional Representations of Crime theory found that 10 billion crime thrillers were sold, 20% of movies are about crime between 1945 and 1984?

A

Mandel

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17
Q

What does Surette argue in the Fictional Representations of Crime theory?

A

Fictional media follows law of opposites – the opposite of stats, similar to the news e.g. sex crimes are committed by psychopathic strangers, property crime is under-represented and fictional cops usually get their man

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18
Q

Which sociologist argues that fictional media follows law of opposites – the opposite of stats, similar to the news?

A

Surette

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19
Q

What is a criticism of the Fictional Representations of Crime theory?

A

There have been changes, ‘reality’ shows featuring young, non-white, ‘underclass’ offenders. Increasingly showing corrupt and brutal police and victims have become more central.

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20
Q

Which theory can be criticised by saying that there have been changes, with ‘reality’ shows featuring young, non-white, ‘underclass’ offenders, showing corrupt and brutal police and victims are more central.

A

Fictional Representations of Crime theory

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21
Q

What are the two points for how the media causes crime?

A
  • Encourages Violence (Bandura)
  • The Media, Relative Deprivation and
    Crime (Lea and Young)
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22
Q

What does the theory that media Encourages Violence argue about how media causes crime?

A

media has negative effect on attitudes, values, and behaviour – especially in the young. Recent decades, ‘video nasties’, rap lyrics and computer games criticised for encouraging violence/criminality.

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23
Q

What are the 6 ways, in the media Encouraging Violence theory, that media may cause crime?

A

Imitation - deviant role models
Arousal - enjoying watching
Desensitisation -
Transmitting knowledge of criminal
techniques
Stimulation desire for unaffordable goods
Glamourising offending

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24
Q

Imitation, Arousal, Desensitisation, Transmitting knowledge of criminal
techniques, Stimulation desire for unaffordable goods and Glamourising offending are 6 ways of…… in the media Encouraging Violence theory?

A

the media causing deviance

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25
Which psychological study can be used as evidence for the media Encouraging Violence theory?
Bandura's Bobo Doll Controlled observation
26
Which theory does Bandura's Bobo Doll Controlled observation support
Media Encourages Violence
27
What is an evaluation of the media Encourages Violence theory and research into the effects of media, like Bandura's study?
They often use Lab Experiments or Controlled Observations which are in artificial environments so can't explain real life examples.
28
Which theory can be criticised by the fact its studies often use Lab Experiments or Controlled Observations which can't be generalised?
Encourages Violence
29
What does The Media, Relative Deprivation and Crime theory argue about how media causes crime?
Left realists argue that the media increase relative deprivation among marginalised groups.
30
Which theory that media causes crime argues that the media increase relative deprivation among marginalised groups?
The Media, Relative Deprivation and Crime
31
Which sociologists argue the The Media, Relative Deprivation and Crime theory?
Lea and Young
32
Lea and Young argue which theory of how media causes crime?
The Media, Relative Deprivation and Crime
33
How does relative deprivation cause the working class to commit more crimes?
Even the poorest have media access where they are presented with materialistic messages fuelling a sense of relative deprivation.
34
Having media access where they are presented with materialistic messages, creating relative deprivation leads to which social group committing more crime?
The Working Class
35
Which functionalist explanation of crime can be used to explain the The Media, Relative Deprivation and Crime theory?
Merton's Strain Theory
36
Merton's Strain Theory can be used to explain which theory of why media causes crime?
The Media, Relative Deprivation and Crime
37
What is a criticism of The Media, Relative Deprivation and Crime theory of why media causes crime?
Deterministic - argues that all those shown materialistic messages will have relative deprivation which leads to crime
38
What does the Moral Panic theory argue about how media creates crime?
The media exaggerate: amount of violent crime and risks of certain groups becoming victims, leading to a deviance amplification spiral
39
What is the definition of a Moral Panic?
An exaggerated and irrational over reaction by society to a perceived problem, where the reaction enlarges the problem out of all proportion to its real seriousness.
40
What is an exaggerated and irrational over reaction by society to a perceived problem?
A Moral Panic
41
Which researcher studied a real life example of a moral panic in the Moral Panic theory?
Cohen - Mods and Rockers (1960s)
42
Which groups did Cohen study in the Moral Panic theory?
The Mods and Rockers
43
Cohen's study of the Mods and Rockers is a real life example of which theory?
Moral Panic
44
How did the Mods and Rockers moral panic begin?
Early stages: distinctions not clear-cut and not many young people identified as belonging to either group. Initial confrontations started Easter weekend 1964 at Clacton, a few scuffles and minor property damage.
45
What were the three ways that the media over reacted in the Mods and Rockers study?
- Exaggeration and distortion - Prediction - Symbolisation
46
How did the media over react using Exaggeration and distortion in the Mods and Rockers study?
media exaggerated the numbers and seriousness. Led to calls for a crackdown and stigmatised the groups
47
How did the media over react using Prediction in the Mods and Rockers study?
media predicted more conflict, which drew in more young people for further clashes
48
How did the media over react using Symbolisation in the Mods and Rockers study?
- Symbols of the mods and rockers (clothes, bikes, music etc) were negatively labelled. - - Differences between them were sharply defined so others began to identify themselves as one or the other, creating confrontation. - Youths acted out the roles assigned to them (SFP)
49
What did the media’s portrayal of events produced, which can lead to an increase in crime rates in society?
Deviance Amplification Spiral
50
What is a criticism (alternative view) oh Cohen's Moral Panic theory?
Neo-Marxists argue that moral panics actually work to serve capitalism e.g. Hall et al’s study on black muggers in the 1970s
51
Which theory can be criticised by saying that moral panics actually work to serve capitalism e.g. Hall et al’s study on black muggers in the 1970s?
Cohen's Moral Panic theory
52
What does the Technology Increases Opportunities theory argue?
New communication technology increases the opportunities for more crime and deviance in society - Global Cybercrime
53
How do Thomas and Loader define cybercrime in the Technology Increases Opportunities theory?
Computer mediated activities that are either illegal or considered illicit; conducted through global electronic networks
54
What term do Thomas and Loader use to describe computer mediated activities that are either illegal or considered illicit; conducted through global electronic networks?
Cybercrime
55
What does Jewkes argue in the Technology Increases Opportunities theory?
The Internet creates opportunities to commit both conventional crimes and ‘new crimes using new tools’. Cyber crime creates new opportunities and difficulties, both for criminals and law enforcement agencies
56
What are the four categories of Cyber crime that Wall identified
- Cyber-trespass e.g. hacking - Cyber-deception e.g. identity theft - Cyber-pornography - Cyber-violence e.g. text bullying
57
Who identified four categories of Cyber Crime?
Wall
58
Cyber-trespass, Cyber-deception, Cyber-pornography and Cyber-violence are four categories of?
Cyber Crime
59
What is a criticism of the Technology Increases Opportunities theory?
Surveillance – ICT provides police/state greater surveillance and control
60
What theory can be criticised by saying that ICT provides police/state greater surveillance and control?
Technology Increases Opportunities

crime and deviance - sociology (21 decks)

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