Context Flashcards

1
Q

Who is the author of the novel?

A

Emily Bronte

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2
Q

What era was the novel written in?

A

Victorian era

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3
Q

When did this era begin & how old was Bronte at this time?

A
  • 1837
  • 15 years old
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4
Q

What are the key characteristics of this time period which may have influenced the novel?

A
  • strong sense of social responsibility (especially towards lower classes)
  • strong morals / morality
  • strict social codes
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5
Q

What figure had emerged during this period and what did they teach?

A

Freud - revolutionised beliefs about the individual

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6
Q

How were women expected to behave during this time?

A
  • obedient
  • respectable
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7
Q

What happened to women who did not conform to societal norms?

A

criticised and ostracised by society

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8
Q

How were women treated?

A

as property - they are owned (as well as everything they have) by their father and then their husband

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9
Q

What was the class divide like during this period?

A
  • social tensions were high
  • servants still in use
  • superiority complex
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10
Q

How were servants treated/ viewed?

A

as underlings who are not to speak unless spoken to

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11
Q

What key historical event was actively happening at this time?

A

industrial revolution

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12
Q

How did the industrial revolution impact social class?

A
  • the working class was introduced
  • the middle class expanded
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13
Q

What was the marriage system like?

A
  • only marrying those in the same ranks to ensure ‘purity’ of class
  • marrying up or down the social ladder = exile/ scandals
  • generational wealth was the main type
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14
Q

How were gypsies viewed?

A
  • inferior
  • perceived through the typical Romanticised notions
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15
Q

Why were gypsies often considered abnormal or inferior?

A

they lived their lives outside of the social construct and societal norms

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16
Q

Who were referred to as gypsies?

A

anyone who was not British

17
Q

Which character was described as a gypsy in the novel?

A

Heathcliff

18
Q

What is consumption?

A

tuberculosis

19
Q

What did consumption affect?

A

life expectancy

20
Q

How many people were dying from consumption in the 1800s?

A

1 in 5

21
Q

What worsens the effects of consumption?

A

pregnancy

22
Q

What were women expected to do even if they had consumption?

A
  • produce heirs
  • maintain domestic lifestyle
23
Q

How is consumption possibly hinted at in the novel?

A

Cathy - appearance was worsening as soon as she got pregnant

24
Q

What type of literature is the novel often referred to as?

A

gothic literature

25
Q

What are some notions about the characters in gothic literature?

A
  • monstrous
  • transgression of social norms and boundaries
26
Q

What is Romanticism?

A

emphasis on the power of imagination and emotion rather than the rational and scientific

27
Q

How is realism presented in the novel?

A

the strictures of class and society

28
Q

Who are the two main literary critics of note for the novel?

A

Gilbert and Gubar

29
Q

What type of critic are they?

A

feminist and gender

30
Q

What is an example of one of their views on femininity?

A

Heathcliff being a feminine character - dispossessed of social power - no title (always Heathcliff & never Mr Heathcliff)

31
Q

What is the madwoman paradigm?

A

that men view women in two ways: monster or angel

32
Q

What is the angel paradigm?

A

the traditional woman who conforms and fits the social expectations of a woman

33
Q

What is the monster paradigm?

A

an un-traditional woman who does not conform and challenges the social construct

34
Q

What was Bronte’s family like?

A
  • 2 sisters (both writers)
  • mother died when Bronte was young
  • practically raised by her father
35
Q

Who is Ellis Bell?

A

Emily Bronte’s male pseudonym - as women could not publish their literary works without prejudice

36
Q

What was the initial reaction to wuthering heights?

A

it was perceived as immoral and heavily criticised