Contraception - Barrier

Question 1

Is barrier contraception common?

Answer 1

Yes, one of the most common forms of contraception in the UK

Question 2

How does barrier contraception prevent pregnancy?

Answer 2

It stops the male’s sperm from coming into contact with the female’s ovum

Question 3

What is the additional benefit of barrier contraception?

Answer 3

Some forms may decrease the risk of STI transmission

Question 4

What are male condoms typically made of?

Answer 4

Latex

Question 5

How are male condoms put on?

Answer 5

They are rolled down from the tip of the penis to the base

Question 6

Where does semen collect in a male condom?

Answer 6

In a reservoir at the tip end

lol does this really require a card

Question 7

Do male condoms stop the transmission of STIs?

Answer 7

Yes, of some

Question 8

Give 2 examples of STIs that male condoms stop the transmission of?

Answer 8

• Chlamydia

- Gonorrhoea

Question 9

What is the failure rate of condoms with perfect use?

Answer 9

2%

Question 10

What is the typical failure rate of condoms?

Answer 10

16%

Question 11

What are the advantages of male condoms?

Answer 11

• Not contraindicated by any conditions except latex allergies
• Only contraceptive method available that is controlled by the male, which may be desirable by the couple
• Widely available and simple to use
• Only needs to be used immediately before intercourse
• Protective against many STIs

Question 12

What alternatives are available for couples with a latex allergy who want to use male condoms?

Answer 12

Polyurethane

Question 13

How does the efficacy rate differ between latex condoms and polyurethane male condoms?

Answer 13

It is similar

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of male condoms?

Answer 14

• Perfect use is rarely achieved

- Can reduce sensitivity or arousal

Question 15

Why is perfect use rarely achieved with male condoms?

Answer 15

• May become dislodged

- Couple may lack motivation to use every time

Question 16

What are female condoms made from?

Answer 16

Polyurethane

Question 17

Describe female condoms

Answer 17

They are tubular shaped, where the inner rings sits deep in the vagina and the open outer ring sits just outside the vulva

Question 18

How do female condoms work?

Answer 18

The male inserts their penis into the female condom, preventing contact with the vagina

Question 19

Do female condoms reduce the transmission of STIs?

Answer 19

Yes, of some e.g. chlamydia and gonorrhoea

Question 20

What is the failure rate of female condoms with perfect use?

Answer 20

5%

Question 21

What is the typical failure rate of female condoms?

Answer 21

21%

Question 22

What are the advantages of female condoms?

Answer 22

• No contraindications
• Less likely to tear than male condoms
• May protect against some STIs
• Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse

Question 23

What are the disadvantages of female condoms?

Answer 23

• Perfect use is rarely achieved
• Penis may be inserted between condom and vaginal wall
• Can be noisy and/or uncomfortable for woman during intercourse

Question 24

Why is perfect use rarely achieved with female condoms?

Answer 24

• May become dislodged

- Couple may lack motivation to use every time

Question 25

What are diaphragms made of?

Answer 25

Typically rubber with a metal inner frame

Question 26

Where do diaphragms sit?

Answer 26

Spans the posterior fornix to the anteroinferior wall of the vagina

Question 27

How do diaphragms work?

Answer 27

They cover the cervix, therefore preventing the entry of semen

Question 28

How are diaphragms held in place?

Answer 28

Combination of vaginal tone, rigid metal inner frame, and pubic symphysis

Question 29

What are diaphragms often combined with?

Answer 29

Spermicide

Question 30

Why are diaphragms often combined with spermicide?

Answer 30

To increase their efficacy

Question 31

What is the failure rate of the diaphragm with perfect use?

Answer 31

6%

Question 32

What is the typical failure rate of the diaphragm?

Answer 32

16%

Question 33

Where do cervical caps sit?

Answer 33

Directly over the cervix

Question 34

How are cervical caps held in place?

Answer 34

Suction and vaginal tone

Question 35

What are cervical caps often combined with?

Answer 35

Spermicide

Question 36

What is the failure rate of cervical caps with perfect use?

Answer 36

9% in nulliparous women, 20% in parous women

Question 37

What is the typical failure rate of cervical caps?

Answer 37

16% in nulliparous women, 20% in parous women

Question 38

What are the advantages of diaphragms and cervical caps?

Answer 38

Can be inserted up to 3 hours before intercourse

Question 39

What are the disadvantages of diaphragms and cervical caps?

Answer 39

- Perfect use rarely achieved - Require prior planning and careful insertion - Requiring measuring and fitting to find correct size - Associated with higher risk of UTIs - STI transmission is not reduced

Question 40

What requires a refitting of a diaphragm or cervical cap?

Answer 40

Any weight gain or pregnancy

Question 41

Why are diaphragms and cervical caps associated with a higher risk of UTIs

Answer 41

Most likely due to position of diaphragm/cap putting pressure on urethra

Question 42

Why might diaphragms and cervical caps increase the rate of transmission of STIs?

Answer 42

Spermicide may irritate the vaginal mucosa possibly increasing the rate of transmission