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Contrast Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of contrast is Barium Sulfate?

A

Positive contrast

Absorbs more x-rays.

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2
Q

The symbol for Barium sulfate

A

BaSO4

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3
Q

Characteristics of barium sulfate

A

Colloidal suspension- barium may separate in water
Does not dissolve in water
Does not interact in body

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4
Q

What is the ratio for thick barium

A

3 or 4:1 ratio of BaSO4:water

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5
Q

Thin barium ratio

A

1:1

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6
Q

What ratio do you give to a baby

A

1/2 thin BaSO4:1/2 water

Make hole bigger in nipple of bottle

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7
Q

If you are looking for a foreign body, 3 ways to give contrast

A
  1. Dip cotton ball in barium and have pt swallow it
  2. Barium pill
  3. Marshmallows dipped in barium, followed by thin barium.
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8
Q

Gastrographin is what type of contrast

A

Water-soluble Iodinates contrast

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9
Q

When is gastrographin used

A

Perforated viscus

Presurgical procedure

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10
Q

Contraindications for gastrographin

A

Hypersensitivity to iodine,

But it may not affect pt.

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11
Q

Desirable characteristics of contrast 7

A
  1. Acceptable taste
  2. Inexpensive
  3. Elimination naturally
  4. Homogenous- remAins stable or uniform
  5. Viscosity- thickness, must be easy to withdraw or instill
  6. Miscibility- sticks to walls and mixes with body fluids
  7. Toxicity
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12
Q

3 classifications of contrast

A

Gases
Barium sulfate
Water soluble iodine

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13
Q

Gases are radiolucent which means

A

It will decrease the density of the organ

Increase the density on the radiograph

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14
Q

Examples of gases used for contrast

A 
Air
Oxygen
CO2
Nitrous oxide
Helium
EZ gas II (also an antacid, antiflatulent)
Effervescent gas
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15
Q

Gas is used for

A

Double contrast studies to visualize the stomach and colon
Pneumoarthrography
When we want contrast absorbed by body, not too rapidly.

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16
Q

Barium sulfate paste and tablets are used for

A

Esophagus issues

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17
Q

Adverse reactions from barium sulfate

A
  1. Aspiration pneumonitis
  2. Barium impaction: elderly patients, the fluid is absorbed from barium and hard to poop out.
  3. Intravasation
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18
Q

2 brands of barium sulfate

A

EZ Paste

Esophatrast

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19
Q

Hygroscopic means

A

Some water gets absorbed out of the barium solution.

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20
Q

What does it mean when water-soluble iodine is given Intrathecally?

A

Injected in spinal canal

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21
Q

Isovue-M

A

Water-soluble iodine that is injected into spinal canal

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22
Q

3 ways Isovue 300 is given

A

Intravenous
Intra-arterial
Into organs

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23
Q

Which contrast goes into urinary tract or bladder.

A

Gastrographin

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24
Q

Define contrast media

Study These Flashcards
A

A gas or radiopaque substance that is injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed in order to visualize internal structures radiographically.

25
Purpose of contrast media
1. Some soft tissue structures have similar densities which make them difficult to visualize without the use of contrast media. 2. Substances are introduced into the body that absorb radiation to a different degree than the tissues themselves.
26
Homogenous means
Remain stable or uniform | Same density throughout
27
Viscosity means
Thickness Must be easy to withdraw or instill Easily flows into the organ
28
Miscibility
Good capacity to adhere to walls of organs or mix with body fluidS
29
Toxicity means
Innocuous or harmless to tissues it comes in contact with.
30
Classifications of contrast media
Gases Barium Sulfate products Water-soluble Iodine compounds
31
Gases aka
Radiolucent or negative contrast agents
32
Gas contrast characteristics
Easy to penetrate by radiation. These substances decrease the density of the tissue/ organ making it easier to penetrate Must be absorbed by the body, but not too rapidly
33
Examples of gas contrast
``` Air Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide Helium EZ Gas or effervescent granules ```
34
What gas contrast do we use
EZ Gas II- effervescent granules | Antacid, antiflatulent
35
Gas studies and indications for use
1. double contrast studies to visualize the stomach and colon. 2. pneumoarthrography 3. image to see torn rotator cuff/ torn meniscus 4. True arthrograms are double studies
36
Characteristics of Barium Sulfate Products
1. Radiopaque or positive contrast agent @. Material that is difficult to penetrate by radiation; appears white #. Causes an increase in the absorption of x-rays 3. Generally non-toxic
37
Barium Sulfate Products come in what forms
tablet liquids powders pastes
38
desired characterstics of Barium Sulfate Products
Insoluble- incapable of beingdissolved in a liquid Inert-inactive Not absorbed or metabolized by the body Eliminated unchanged from the body
39
Contraindications for Barium sulfate products
Should not be used if obstruction or GI peroration is suspected; because it can cause peritonitis, and can die Known hypersensitivity to barium sulfate; can be given an allergy prep
40
Adverse Reactions to Barium Sulfate
1. Reactions are infrequent and usually mild @. Procedural complications 3. EKG changes have been shown to occur during or following barium enema
41
Name procedural complications from Barium Sulfate
``` aspiration pneumonitis Intravasion Embolization Peritonitis following intestinal perforation (most severe) Vasovagal and syncopal episodes Fatalities ```
42
Allergic Reactions to Barium Sulfate
1. get complete allergic history prior to the patient receiving barium products 2. Mild reactions: pruritus (severe itching), erythema (redness of skin), urticaria (hives 1 in 100,00 3. Rare but more serious reactions: laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, or hypotension 1 in 500,00
43
Signs and treatment for Apprehensive patients
may develop weakness, pallor, tinnitus, diaphoresis, and bradycardia not allergic response in nature treatment: patient lay flat for 10 to 30 minutes under observation
44
Oral Administration of Barium Sulfate
1. Thin or Thick barium 2. Paste: esophotrast 3. Tablets
45
Hygroscopic complication from oral barium sulfate
the water gets absorbed out of the barium and the pateint gets constipated
46
4 Facts about rectal administration of Barium Sulfate
1. liquid barium 2. powdered barium mixed with warm water 3. either as a single or double contrast (barium and room air) exam 4. administered with disposable enema kits
47
Contrast media used for possible GI perforation
1. Water soluble Iodinated Contrast Media | 2. Used when barium sulfate is contraindicated
48
Examples of Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast Media
1. Gastrografin 2. Oral Hypaque 3. MD-Gastroview
49
What type of contrast is the most commonly used contrast agent
Water-soluble Iodine Compounds
50
Water-soluble Iodine Compounds is AKA
Aqueous Iodine Compounds
51
Ways the Water-soluble Iodine Compounds are given
1. orally 2. intrathecally 3. intravenously 4. intra-arterially 5. directly injected into the structure to be visualized
52
What areas of radiology use water-soluble iodine compounds
cath lab angio cat scan gallbladder removal surgery
53
Describe the compounds of water-soluble iodine
1. carbon-based 2. contain iodine atoms and other atoms 3. molecules vary in size and some compounds contain more iodine than others 4. iodine has high atomic number, making it a good positive contrast agent
54
Name studies that use water-soluble iodine
1. urinary studies: IVU, cystogram 2. Biliary studies: cholangiography 3. Arthrography 4. Cardiovascular interventional exams 5. CT scans 6. other fluoroscopic studies
55
Examples of Water-soluble Iodine compounds
1. Optiray 2. Visipaque 3. Custographin 4. Isovue M 5. Hypaque 6. Cystografin 7. Gastrografin
56
Oily Iodine Compounds AKA
Ethiodized Oils
57
a Specialized contrast agents used when absorption is not desired
Oily Iodine compounds
58
Oily Iodine compounds were used in what 2 studies
bronchography | myelography
59
What has replaced oily iodine compounds
newer aqueous iodine agents

Contrast (2 decks)

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