Contrast Administration (26)

Question 1

Differential attenuation

Answer 1

Basis of CT:
Beam varies based on attenuating property of tissues

Question 2

Most common contrast agents (2)

Answer 2

Water-soluble Iodine
Barium Sulfate

Question 3

Only contrast acceptable for IV injection

Answer 3

Water-soluble iodine

Question 4

Means of detoxifying Iodine

Answer 4

chemical binding to benzene ring

Question 5

Contrast agents that dissociate into charged particles in water/blood

Answer 5

Ionic Contrast Agents

Question 6

Osmolarity

Answer 6

measure of osmotic pressure of a solution concerning the number of particles per volume of solution: “the number of particles in a volume of fluid”

Question 7

Blood/Human Serum Osmolarity (level)

Answer 7

~300 mOsm/L

Question 8

Impact of osmolarity difference b/w contrast/blood

Answer 8

Damaged/destroyed blood cells

Question 9

Benefit of Non-ionic Contrast

Answer 9

Lower osmolality–>gen less side effects

Question 10

The majority of CT contrast media has lower osmolality resulting in

Answer 10

Fewer side effects

Question 11

Iso-osmolar
Example:

Answer 11

Osmolarity virtually identical to blood
Visipaque 320

Question 12

Metrizoate (Isopaque 370)

Answer 12

Ionic/2100

Question 13

Ioxaglate (Hexabrix)

Answer 13

Ionic/580

Question 14

Iohexol (Omnipaque 350)

Answer 14

Non-ionic/884

Question 15

Iopamidol (Isovue 370)

Answer 15

Non-ionic/796

Question 16

Iopromide (Ultravist 370)

Answer 16

Non-ionic/774

Question 17

Iodixanol (Visipaque 320)

Answer 17

Non-ionic/290

Question 18

Barium Sulfate (4)

Answer 18

High Z=56 great for GI enhancement
Suspension not water soluble
Enteric only
Barium escaping GI tract must be surgically evacuated

Question 19

Barium Sulfate: CT vs Fluoro

Answer 19

Concentration much lower in CT (2% vs 40%) d/t high resolution of CT (and –> cause severe artifact)

Question 20

Osmolality

Answer 20

(Osmotic) concentration of solution:
total solute particles per kg

Question 21

Osmolarity

Answer 21

Concentration of a solution:
total solute particles per L

Question 22

The majority of CT contrast media has lower side effects d/t

Answer 22

Lower osmolality

Question 23

Contrast agents that are more toxic in part because of increased osmolarity

Answer 23

Ionic Contrast Agents

Question 24

Iopromide

Answer 24

Ultravist 370

Question 25

Metrizoate

Answer 25

Isopaque 370

Question 26

Iodixanol

Answer 26

Visipaque 320

Question 27

Iopamidol

Answer 27

Isovue 370

Question 28

Iohexol

Answer 28

Omnipaque 350

Question 29

Ioxaglate

Answer 29

Hexabrix