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Patient Care-CTBC > Patient Monitoring (20) > Flashcards

Patient Monitoring (20) Flashcards

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1
Q

female 12-15 g/dL
male 14-17g/dL

A

Hgb Normals

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2
Q

Hgb (3)

A

“Hemoglobin”
Iron-rich protein on RBCs
Helps xt O2
Helpful to spot anemia/bleeding/etc

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3
Q

Special Procedures

A

Any situation requiring abnormally large needles and RN (eg., Bx, drain plcm’t, aspirations)

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4
Q

HCT
Measures…
Depends on…
Usually part of…
Low values (often) from…

A

“Hematocrit”
Measures % of RBCs in whole blood
Depends on size/# RBCs
Usually part of CBC
Low values often from bleeding/anemia

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5
Q

HCT Normals

A

(female<male)
35-50%

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6
Q

Plt
High may indicate…
Low may indicate…

A

“Platelets”
Clotting disorder
Potential for bleeding (disorders)

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7
Q

Plt Normals

A

150K-400K per mcL

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8
Q

PT (labs)

A

Prothrombin Time
Time for liquid portion (plasma) to clot
High PT may be contraindication for procedure d/t inc’d risk of bleeding

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9
Q

PT Normals

A

11-13.5 sec

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10
Q

PTT

A

(Partial Thromboplastin Time)
measures blood coagulation time

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11
Q

PTT Normals

A

25-35 sec

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12
Q

INR
Represents…
High may…

A

“International Standardized Ratio”
Represents coagulation tendency of blood. High may be contraindication d/t POSS of uncontrolled bleeding

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13
Q

INR Normals

A

0.8-1.2

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14
Q

Anxiolysis

A

Minimal Sedation:
Relaxes
Reduces anxiety
Common in radiology

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15
Q

Conscious Sedation (2)

A

(“Moderate Sedation”)
Pt follows specific directions
Common in radiology

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16
Q

Deep Sedation (2)

A

(“Deep Sedation”)
Limited response to stimuli
POSS support of vital functions

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17
Q

General Anesthesia

A

General anesthesia:
unresponsive
req’s sig support of vital functions

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18
Q

Sedation prep (4)

A

No solids x 6h
Clear liq x2h
IV access
Baseline vitals

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19
Q

Sedation Concurrent (2)

A

Supplemental O2
Re-assess vitals (gen ea 5 min)

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20
Q

Sedation: After (3)

A

Vitals/consiousness reassessed until ready for d/c
f/u instructions provided
no driving/isolation x24h

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21
Q

Oral Temp Normals

A

97-99.5 (36.1-37.5)

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22
Q

Rectal Temp Normals

A

Oral +1 deg F

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23
Q

Axillary Temp Normals

A

(Least accurate) 1-2 deg F < Oral

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24
Q

Tympanic Temp Normals

A

0.5-1 deg F > oral

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25
Pulse: 3 considerations
Rate, rhythm, amplitude
26
Pulse Normals
Adult: 60-100
27
Influences to BP (4)
Force of ventricular contractions Arterial wall elasticity Peripheral vascular resistance Blood volume/viscosity
28
BP Normals
100/60-119/79
29
Respirations considerations (4)
Rate, rhythm, depth, sound
30
Respiration Normals
12-20
31
Oximetry
oxygen content in circulation
32
Hemodynamics
Science of blood flow and its impact on tissues/organs
33
End-tidal CO2 monitoring (2)
Recommended for all patients under moderate sedation; More sensitive (than O2) indicator of respiratory status
34
EtCO2 Normals
35-45 mmHg < 35: anxiety > 45: respiratory failure
35
EKG: Depolarization
Contraction
36
EKG: Repolarization
Relaxation of atria/ventricles
37
EKG allows for identification of...(3)
Heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias) Conduction abn's Elecrolyte imbalances
38
P wave
Electrical activity through atria
39
QRS complex Represents... Occurs during...
Electrical impulses through ventricles Ventricular systole
40
ST segment
Ventricle is contracting but no elec'l current flowing through it Gen'y straight/level line b/w QRS-complex and T-wave
41
T wave Represents... Occurs during...
Ventricles resetting electrically and prep'g for next contraction Ventricular diastole
42
Low HCT often d/t
Bleeding/Anemia
43
High INR may be contraindication d/t
POSS uncontrolled bleeding
44
Sedation/Analgesia: Most common meds combo
Midazolam (Versed)/ fentanyl (Sublimaze)
45
Sedation/Analgesia: Alternative to most common combo (4)
Diazepam (Valium) Lorazepam (Ativan) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Morphine
46
Midazolam
Versed
47
Fentanyl
Sublimaze
48
Diazepam
Valium
49
Lorazepam
Ativan
50
Hydromorphone
Dilaudid
51
EtCO2 < 35 mmHg indicates
Anxiety
52
EtCO2 > 45 mmHg indicates
Respiratory failure
53
Neoplasm
"Tumor" Abnormal growth of tissue: malignant (cancerous) or benign
54
Malignant
Cancerous: can spread to other areas
55
Benign
Cannot spread to other areas
56
Cancer
Uncontrolled growth & spread of abnormal cells
57
Carcinogenesis
Development of cancer in the body
58
Primary liver cancer is often denoted by _______ _______ tumor(s), while metastatic liver cancer is often denoted by _______ _______ tumor(s)
One Large Several small
59
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues
Infection
60
Accumulation of fluid in the tissues of an organ or body structure
Inflammation (doesn't necessarily include infection)
61
A form of inflammation in which a massive amount of abnormal fluid is collected in body structures
Ascites
62
Reactive inflammatory fluid resulting as a response to malignant processes
Ascites
63
A bruise on the surface of the brain in the subdural space
Subdural Hematoma
63
An accumulation of blood outside of a blood vessel
Hematoma
63
Tear in the body of an organ
Laceration (fracture): can result in hematoma and infarction
64
Loss of blood supply to an organ or region of tissue
Infarction--presents as areas that aren't receiving adequate blood flow and therefore no contrast
65
Abnormal sac-like structure filled with fluid, gas and/or semi-solids
Cyst
66
Abnormal enlargement of a blood vessel
Aneurysm
67

Patient Care-CTBC (4 decks)

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