Contributing Factors

Question 1

what are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the US

Answer 1

obesity
alcoholism
sedentary lifestyle
tobacco use
abuse/violence
chronic disease

Question 2

definition of obesity

Answer 2

excessive accumulation of fat in the body that contributes to numerous chronic diseases and early mortality

Question 3

what is BMI? how is it calculated?

Answer 3

body mass index
weight (kg) / height (m^2)

Question 4

what is the BMI # associated with overweight? obese? morbid obesity? (all in kg/m^2)

Answer 4

25
30
>40

Question 5

what are the risk factors for obesity

Answer 5

sedentary lifestyle
high glycemic index
illness
medication
environmental factors

Question 6

what three leading causes of death is obesity linked with

Answer 6

cardiovascular disease
cancer
diabetes mellitus

Question 7

how much body weight being lost is considered to improve health

Answer 7

10% loss

Question 8

tell me the stats of alcoholism

Answer 8

most common drug abuse problem in the US

more than 15 million Americans affected

alcohol related deaths outnumber other drug deaths 4 to 1

alcohol is a factor in more than half of all domestic violence and sexual assault cases

Question 9

what is the single most preventable cause of disease in the US

Answer 9

smoking / use of tobacco

Question 10

what diseases has smoking been linked to

Answer 10

chronic pulmonary disease
CVD
cancers

Question 11

how can therapists help with a patient in an abusive situation

Answer 11

viewing areas of the body that are usually covered
we will see patients multiple times allowing for trusting relationships to develop

Question 12

what is the senescence theory of aging

Answer 12

wear and tear over a period of time
change in cellular activity/ability to repair will decrease
one will repair, but they may not get back to OG level

Question 13

what is the programmed based aging theory

Answer 13

genetically driven process / biological clock

external risk factors have less of an impact on one’s health

Question 14

what is the telemorase aging theory

Answer 14

each time DNA is replicated telomeres shorten and the DNA is less likely to be protected

Question 15

what is the most adverse influence on health

Answer 15

socioeconomic status

Question 16

how does an improved socioeconomic status affect health

Answer 16

higher incomes = better health and live on average about 3 years longer

Question 17

how does a poorer socioeconomic status affect health

Answer 17

lowest income families report limitation in activity caused by chronic disease almost 3x more

Question 18

how does physical and nonphysical pain relate in the resolve of each?

Answer 18

physical will not go away without nonphysical being resolved/addressed

Question 19

definition of pain

Answer 19

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Question 20

what is acute pain

Answer 20

a warning system that carries expectation of resolution

Question 21

what is chronic pain

Answer 21

pain that persists past the normal time of healing

Question 22

those with chronic pain are

Answer 22

often depressed, have sleep disturbances, and may become preoccupied with the pain

Question 23

what should be the underlying direction in therapy regarding pain

Answer 23

improving functional outcomes rather than reducing pain

Question 24

what is chronic stress correlated with

Answer 24

response and manifestation of various disorders

Question 25

how does the body respond to strss

Answer 25

mobilization of its defenses to maintain homeostasis

Question 26

how can stress be defined

Answer 26

many social and psychological factors that cause neurochemical changes within the body

Question 27

what does current evidence indicate stress as

Answer 27

neurophysical, hormonal, and behavioral event

Question 28

what is the neurohormonal axis

Answer 28

control center of many complex combinations of biologic and behavioral mechanisms

Question 29

what is the major stress hormone? what does it do?

Answer 29

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic) can regulate and stimulate release of other stress hormones

Question 30

stress, reaction to stress and PTSD are common causes of

Answer 30

physical manifestations

Question 31

what is the timeline of PTSD

Answer 31

symptoms usually occur within the first 3 months after exposure to truama

Question 32

how can PTSD occur?

Answer 32

indirect or direct exposure to a traumatic event

Question 33

how does one respond to the event

Answer 33

intense fear helplessness horror

Question 34

how would a child respond with PTSD

Answer 34

fear being withdrawn disorganized or agitated behavior

Question 35

how does the body respond to traumatic events

Answer 35

release of adrenaline and endorphins

Question 36

what role does the amygdala play in PTSD

Answer 36

storage of emotional memories that stimulates the release of endorphins and adrenaline that is out of proportion to the stimulation

Question 37

what regulates the amygdala? would any of these have physical changes?

Answer 37

frontal cortex, hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex are regulators frontal cortex may shrink, decreasing its ability to regulate

Question 38

what are pharmacological / therapeutic interventions for PTSD

Answer 38

antidepressants antianxiety mood stabilizers antipsychotics cognitive behavioral therapy exercise

Question 39

illness is identified as the most consistent factor with

Answer 39

late-life depression

Question 40

what medications can cause depression

Answer 40

sedatives hypnotics cardiac medicine antihypertensives steroids

Question 41

how does gender affect depression

Answer 41

women are 2x more likely

Question 42

what two neurotransmitters are implicated in the biochemical development of depression

Answer 42

norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 43

how does norepinephrine / serotonin affect depression

Answer 43

either one has inadequate NE released or it is not absorbed well depression can affect one's sleep, decreasing the amount of serotonin released

Question 44

what are warning signs of suicide

Answer 44

mood changes loss of interest in family, work or social activites significant changes in sleep pattern/appetite

Question 45

what is QPR used for?

Answer 45

suicide q - questions for patient about suicide p - persuade to get help r - refer for help

Question 46

definition of resilience

Answer 46

ability to avoid, overcome or adapt to adverse circumstances and/or ability to recover or return to previous state after stress inducing trauma

Question 47

what internal factors affect resilence

Answer 47

cognition emotion behavior physical activities

Question 48

what external factors affect resilience

Answer 48

family community societal support

Question 49

how will a therapist assist one dealing with trauma / stress

Answer 49

assess readiness/build rapport before prescribing lifestyle changes provide opportunities to improve self-efficacy promote wellness appropriate to one's perception of self-efficacy

Question 50

how to provide sensitive care to individuals

Answer 50

provide safe environment listening attentively to client accepting the individual as a person obtaining a thorough history that identifies the patients' needs recognizing possible contributions that other healthcare providers could provide

Question 51

what can physicians do if they suspect abuse? what if they dont report

Answer 51

mandatory reporter include being charged with Class A misdemeanor risk suspension of license to practice if not reported possibility of significant monitory fines