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Multicellular organisms > Control and communication > Flashcards

Control and communication Flashcards

1
Q

What three parts is the nervous system composed of?

A
  • The brain
  • The spinal cord
  • Nerves
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2
Q

What is the nervous system needed for?

A

The nervous system is need to communicate information around the body to ensure that all the systems work effectively

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3
Q

What do the brain and the spinal cord make up?

A

The brain and The spinal cord make up the central system

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4
Q

What are the nerves part of?

A

The nerves are part of the peripheral system and they lead to and from all organs and organ system

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the brain?

A
  • Medulla
  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebrum
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6
Q

What is the function of Medulla?

A

Medulla controls rate of breathing and rate of heartbeat

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7
Q

What is the function of Cerebellum?

A

Cerebellum controls balance and muscular coordination

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8
Q

What is the function of Cerebrum?

A

Controls conscious thoughts, memory and personality

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9
Q

Describe the spinal cord and information flow:

A

Sensory nerves carry information from the body’s receptors (sense organs) to the CNS and then the motor nerves carry information to the body’s effectors (muscle).

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10
Q

What makes up the nervous system?

A

Nerve cells called neurons make up the nervous system

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11
Q

When does a reflex response occurs?

A

A reflex response occurs when a stimulus indicates that an organism could be in danger of harm, brain isn’t involved

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12
Q

What is a neurone specialised to do?

A

A neurone is specialised to transmit electrical impulses.

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13
Q

The three types of neurone are:

A
  • Sensory Neurone
  • Inter Neurone
  • Motor Neurone
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14
Q

What does a Sensory Neurone does?

A

A Sensory Neurone carry information from sense receptors to the CNS

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15
Q

What does an Inter Neurone does?

A

An Inter Neurone connects Sensory Neurone to Motor Nerves. used in reflex actions and only is found in CNS

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16
Q

What does a Motor Neurone does?

A

A Motor Neurone carry information from the CNS to an effector, eg. rapid response from muscles or a slower response from a gland

17
Q

Stimulus –>Receptors

A

–> Sensory Neurone –> CNS –> Motor Neurone –> Effector –> Response

18
Q

What is Reflex Arc?

A

Reflex Arc is the pathway of information from the sensory neurone through the inter neurone to the motor neurone

19
Q

Synapse?

A

The neurones are separated by narrow gaps called the synapse

20
Q

How the Reflex Arc works?

A

When a RECEPTOR detects a potential harmful STIMULUS, the SENSORY NEURONE passes this information that crosses the gap, SYNAPSE, to the INTER NEURONE in the spinal cord. The INTER NEURONE passes this information to a MOTOR NEURONE and this causes a RESPONSE in an EFFECTOR (usually a muscle)

21
Q

What is the function of the Nerve Cell?

A

The function of the Nerve Cell is to transmit electrical impulses along neurones, which carry information through the body

22
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream by group of cells called endocrine glands

23
Q

How can a specific hormone affect a cell?

A

A specific hormone can affect a cell only if they have a specific receptor for it

24
Q

Target Tissues?

A

Hormones stimulate certain tissues known as target tissues

25
Q

What have Target Tissues?

A

Target tissues have cells with special receptor protein on their surface. Only tissues with receptor protein for a specific hormone will be affected by it.

26
Q

How is the concentration of glucose in the blood is regulated?

A

The concentration of glucose in the blood is regulated by the action of the hormones insulin and glucagon.

27
Q

Where are Insulin and Glucagon are produced?

A

Insulin and Glucagon are produced in the pancreas

28
Q

What form is glucose stored in as in the liver?

A

Glucose is stored as Glucagon in the liver

29
Q

What happens when the Blood Glucose Levels are too high.

A

When Blood Glucose Levels are too high, cells in the pancreases produce insulin to transport in the bloodstream to the liver to make Glucose into Glycogen

30
Q

What happens when the Blood Glucose Levels are too low.

A

When Blood Glucose Levels are too low, cells in the pancreases produce Glucagon to transport in the bloodstream to the liver to make Glycogen into Glucose

Multicellular organisms (8 decks)

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