Control L4 meninges and ventricles

Question 1

How many layers of the meninges surround the CNS?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What is the function of the meninges?

Answer 2

To protect the CNS

Question 3

What is the outer layer of the meninges called?

Answer 3

The dura mater

Question 4

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

Answer 4

Arachnoid mater

Question 5

What is the inner layer of the meninges called?

Answer 5

The pia mater

Question 6

What is the toughest layer of meninges?

Answer 6

The dura mater

Question 7

What artery is in the dura mater?

Answer 7

The middle meningeal artery

Question 8

What injury is caused by a bleed from the middle meningeal artery?

Answer 8

An extradural haemorrhage

Question 9

What properties does the dura mater have?

Answer 9

Tough, fibrous, protective

Question 10

What are the properties of the arachnoid mater?

Answer 10

Thin, delicate and spider web like

Question 11

What is the most vascular layer of the meninges?

Answer 11

The arachnoid layer

Question 12

What are the properties of the pia mater?

Answer 12

Microscopically thin and follows the gyri and sulci

Question 13

How many layers of cranial dura /is the dura mater split into?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

What are the two layers of the dura mater callled?

Answer 14

Periosteal and meningeal dura mater

Question 15

Between which layers are the arachnoid villi/granulations located?

Answer 15

The periosteal dura and meningeal dura

Question 16

What is the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater called?

Answer 16

The subarachnoid space

Question 17

Which layers of the skull/brain are fused in real life?

Answer 17

The skin, skull and dura and arachnoid mater

Question 18

What fills the subarachnoid space?

Answer 18

Arteries and veins and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Question 19

What forms the double layers dural fold/septa?

Answer 19

The separation of the inner and outer dural layer. The inner dural layers fuse together producing a fold

Question 20

Where is the main dural fold?

Answer 20

Separating the hemispheres of the brain

Question 21

What is contained in the space between the inner and outer dural layers at the dural fold?

Answer 21

Dural venous sinus containing venous blood

Question 22

What are the three dural folds? Where are they found?

Answer 22

The falx cerebri - in sagittal plane -separating two cerebral hemispheres = crescent shape
The tentorium cerebelli - in horizontal plane - separates the cerebrum and cerebellum
The flax cerebelli- in sagittal plane - separates the cerebellum hemispheres

Question 23

What bone does the falx cerebri attach to?

Answer 23

The crysta galli of the ethmoid bone and the internal occipital tuberance of the occipital bone

Question 24

What is the name of the dural venous sinus at the falx cerebri?

Answer 24

The superior sagittal sinus

Question 25

What is the name of the dural venous sinus at the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 25

The transverse sinus

Question 26

How many transverse sinuses are there?

Answer 26

2 - one on each side of the head

Question 27

What causes dural venous sinuses in the brain?

Answer 27

Separation of the dural layer

Question 28

What is different about the meningeal layers in the spine compared to the brain?

Answer 28

Only one layer of dura mater - meningeal dura only There is a layer of fat between the dura and the vertebrae

Question 29

What is the spinal cord enclosed in?

Answer 29

A dural sac

Question 30

Spinal nerve roots are ensheathed in dura. True or false?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is the space with layer of fat in the dura sac in the spine called?

Answer 31

The epidural sac

Question 32

Both the brain and spinal cord have a subarachnoid space containing CSF. True or false?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is the name of the ligaments in the dural sac?

Answer 33

Denticulate ligaments

Question 34

What layer are the denticulate ligaments from?

Answer 34

The pia mater

Question 35

Where on a cadaver are denticulate ligaments?

Answer 35

Between each spinal nerve

Question 36

The dura mater is not attached to the arachnoid mater in the spinal cord of a healthy person. True or false?

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What are potential/pathological areas of space in the meninges?

Answer 37

The epidural space in the cranial cavity and the subdural space in both the brain and spinal cord

Question 38

What are real areas of space in the minges?

Answer 38

The epidural space in the spinal cord and the subarachnoid space in both the brain and spinal cord

Question 39

In what part of the meninges does an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 39

In the epidural space of the brain/skull

Question 40

Where does CSF come from?

Answer 40

A filtrate from blood produced in ventricles by specialised areas of the ventricular lining called the choroid plexus

Question 41

What are the properties of CSF?

Answer 41

Clear and colourless fluid Contains glucose and inorganic salts Has little proteins and few cells

Question 42

What is the function of CSF?

Answer 42

Provides physical protection and chemical stability for the CNS

Question 43

How many vesicles are in the brain?

Answer 43

4

Question 44

What are the two ‘canals’ in the ventricular system of the brain?

Answer 44

The cerebral aqueduct and the central canal

Question 45

Why do the cerebral hemispheres adopt a c-shape?

Answer 45

Due to the folding of the telencephalon over the diencephalon during development

Question 46

What does the ventricular system look like from the side?

Answer 46

Like a hand grabbing a dragon or an alien in a space ship

Question 47

What are the largest ventricles in the brain?

Answer 47

The lateral ventricles

Question 48

How many lateral ventricles are there?

Answer 48

2 - one in each hemisphere

Question 49

Where in the brain are the lateral ventricles found?

Answer 49

In all lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 50

Where in the brain is the 3rd ventricle located?

Answer 50

Below the thalamus

Question 51

Where in the brain is the 4th ventricle located?

Answer 51

Posterior to the brainstem on the inferior aspect of the pons and superior aspect of the medulla oblongata, anteriorly to the cerebellum

Question 52

What are the five main areas of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 52

The anterior horn The body The antrum The posterior horn The inferior horn

Question 53

Where is the intra ventricular foramen?

Answer 53

Between the anterior horn and the 3rd ventricle

Question 54

What connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle?

Answer 54

The cerebral aqueduct

Question 55

How does the CSF leave the ventricles into the subarachnoid space?

Answer 55

Out of the Luschka foramina/lateral apertures and the Magendie foramen/the medial aperture of the 4th ventricle

Question 56

Where are the chorid plexuses found?

Answer 56

In the ventricles of the brain

Question 57

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

Answer 57

To filter the blood and produce CSF

Question 58

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

Answer 58

At the arachnoid granulations/villi into the venous circulation at the superior sagittal sinus

Question 59

What are cisterns?

Answer 59

Expansions of the subarachnoid space

Question 60

What is the most important cistern in the brain?

Answer 60

The lumbar cistern

Question 61

Where is a CSF sample usually take from?

Answer 61

The lumbar cistern

Question 62

Why is CSF sample usually taken from the lumbar cistern?

Answer 62

As the spinal cord has usually ended (between T12-L3) so less risk of puncturing the spinal cord

Question 63

What vein does CSF usually end up in?

Answer 63

The IJV

Question 64

What causes hydrocephalus?

Answer 64

Accumulation of CSF in the brain due to a blockage in the draining system.