Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Control of Blood Flow > Flashcards

Control of Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

What are blood vessels used for?

A
  • delivery of nutrients
  • removal of waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do blood vessels deliver nutrients?

A

microvascular exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the total volume of capillaries?

A

4.8 liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the blood volume in capillaries?

A

1.8 liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the relationship between blood volume and total volume in capillaries?

A

blood volume in capillaries is less than total capillary volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the blood velocity the lowest?

A

in capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference in speeds of blood velocity throughout the body?

A

fast in major arteries> slows down in capillaries> fast towards heart> slow in lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is blood volume the most?

A

in veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Veins are known as what?

A

capacitance vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arterioles are known as what?

A

resistance vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of arterioles?

A

regulate systemic vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do arterioles respond to?

A
  1. tissue demand
  2. flow and pressure inside the vessel
  3. neurogenic stimuli
  4. hormones, drugs, other chemical stimuli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the regulation of arteriolar tone?

A

Ca comes into smooth muscle muscle and causes contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system control arteiolar tone?

A
  1. releases norepinephrine
  2. alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells cause constriction
  3. IP3 causes Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the parasympathetic nervous system control arteiolar tone?

A
  1. Ach binds to muscarinic receptors on endothelial cells
  2. activates eNOS: nitric oxide diffuses to VSMC> soluble GC> cGMP> dilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the process of preparation of autoregulation of blood flow?

A
  1. endothelium NOT involved
  2. myogenic response eliminated by treatment with nitrates
  3. VSMC alone is required
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is included in the autoregulation of blood flow?

A
  1. pressuere is raised/lowered equally t both ends
  2. vessel diameter can b edtermined precisely using microscopy
  3. endothelial cells can be removed mechanically or chemically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the myogenic hypothesis of autoregulation?

A

vascular smooth muscle contracts in repsonse to an increase in pressure

increased transmural pressure> increased stretch> constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is active hyperemia?

A

increased metabolic activity creates byproducts that induce and increase blood flow

example: doing multiple reps at gym

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is reactive hyperemia?

A

buildup of waste products induce reactive hyperemia once blood flow is reestablished

example: having boulder fall on arm and taken off some time after

21
Q

What is the mtabolic hypothesis of autoregulation?

A

lack of O2> metabolic byproducts> vasodilation

22
Q

What is the flaw of the metabolic hypothesis?

A

flawed when attempting to explain what happens when blood flow increases

23
Q

What is the flaw of the metabolic hypothesis?

A

flawed when attempting to explain what happens when blood flow increases

24
Q

What is the flaw in the myogenic hypothesis?

A

does a poor job of explaining how metabolic activity or increased flow leads to dilation

25
Q

What occurs with pressure with flow-induced vasodilation?

A

pressure is increased on one side and lowered on the other equally

increased flow without changing pressure

26
Q

What is the endothelial regulation of blood flow?

A

senses mechanical forces and stimulates vasodilation in response to an increase in flow by producing an “endothelial-derived relaxing factor” (nitric oxide)

27
Q

What is the summary local control of blood flow?

A
  • metabolic autoregulation -> metabolism
  • myogenic autoregulation -> pressure
  • endothelial-dependent control of arteriolar tone -> flow
  • autonomic nervous system
28
Q

What are the 3 types of blood capillaries?

A
  • continuous: cell-cell junctions (allows least amount of things through)
  • fenestrated: fenestrae (only fluid)
  • sinusoidal: caveolae
29
Q

Are blood capillaries permeable?

A

YES

30
Q

What is blood vessel permeability is required for?

A
  1. bathing tissues in nutrients and removal of wastes
  2. maintaining basal permeability to prevent edema
  3. inflammatory responses: increased vascular permeability is the first step in inflammation
  4. regulating the transmigration of immune cells to fight infection/resolve inflammation
31
Q

What are the 4 R’s of inflammation?

A
  • tumor: swelling
  • rubor: redness
  • calor: hot
  • dolor: pain
32
Q

How does material leave the capillaries?

A

by convection (filtration) or diffusion (osmosis)

33
Q

What is Ernest Starlings hypothesis on the law of filtration?

A

fluid is filtered from the arterial side of the capillary bed and 90% is reabsorbed on the venous side

34
Q

What is the formula for Ernest Starling’s hypothesis?

A

Jv/s = Lp [(Pc-Pi) - sigma (pi c - pi i)]

35
Q

Why was Ernest’s theory incorrect?

A

becuase vessels cannot both filter and reabsorb fluid

36
Q

If Jv/s is negative then…

A

more fluid flows in

37
Q

If Jv/s is positive then…

A

mroe fluid flows out, high hydrostatic, low oncotic

38
Q

What the formula of Fick’s first law of diffusion?

A

Js = PS change in C= PS (Cc - Ci)

39
Q

What is Fick’s first law of diffusion?

A

molecules move from the higher conc. to the lower conc.

40
Q

What is the process of lymphatic vasculature?

A
  1. lymphatic vessels begin in tissues as bilnd ended sacs that absorb big cells
  2. large/immune cells merge into collecting lymphatic vessels
  3. lymphatic vesslels take immune cells to lymph nodes -> immune reactions
  4. lymph nodes -> thoracic duct -> left subclavian vein
41
Q

What is tissue fluid homeostasis?

A

removal of excess fluid from tissue

42
Q

What is the role of lymphatic vessels during tissue fluid homeostasis?

A
  • actively pump
  • regulate endothelial permeability
43
Q

How do lymphatic vessle prevent edmea?

A
  • increased tissue pressure drives lymph flow, which clears excess fluid
  • being permeable

must have hydrostatic pressure

44
Q

What is the largest lymphatic and empties all lymph into left subclavian vein?

A

thoracic duct

45
Q

What is responsible for 85% of osmotic pressure gradient and is removed from tissues by lymphatic vasculature?

A

albumin

46
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

occurs when lymphatic vessels fail to remove fluid and interstitial fluid builds up

47
Q

What does increased lymphatic vessel permeability lead to?

A

adipose deposition and obesity

48
Q

Cholesterol removal from atherosclerotic plaques depend on what?

A

lymphatic vessels

Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions