control of body fluids

Question 1

define homeostasis

Answer 1

the active maintenance of a steady state of non-equilibrium despite external disturbances

Question 2

define steady state

Answer 2

a condition that does not change with time. energy is required to maintain steady state

Question 3

define equilibrium

Answer 3

a condition in which opposing forces are balanced. it remains stable if undisturbed and it does not need energy expenditure to maintain an equilibrium state

Question 4

what is considered as the internal environment of the cell

Answer 4

extracellular fluid compartment

Question 5

implies the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment.

Answer 5

homeostasis

Question 6

introduced the concept of the extracellular fluid as the internal environment

Answer 6

claude bernard

Question 7

what are the factors of the extracellular fluid that needs to be constant

Answer 7

temperature, pressure, pH

Question 8

what is the optimum temperature, pH of the cell

Answer 8

37C, 7.3

Question 9

these are the body fluids in between the cell and comprises 15% of the extracellular fluid

Answer 9

interstitial cell

Question 10

40% of body fluifd is located in ___

Answer 10

intracellular compartment

Question 11

what is the osmolarity of cells

Answer 11

300milliosmos

Question 12

the level of potassium is higher in what fluid compartment

Answer 12

intracellular

Question 13

the level of chloride is higher in what fluid compartment

Answer 13

extracellular

Question 14

the level of proteins is higher in what fluid compartment

Answer 14

intracellular

Question 15

Kidneys regulate ion concentrations by

Answer 15

augmenting waste composition

Question 16

the orchestrated or coordinated control in metabolism of body tissues necessary to support a physiological state.

Answer 16

homeorrhesis

Question 17

These are control mechanisms of the body whose function is to ensure the constancy of the internal environment.

Answer 17

homeostatic ontrol mechanisms

Question 18

components of homeostatic mechanisms

Answer 18

detectors
reference
control centers
effectors
corrected variable

Question 19

pick up stimulus from internal or external environment

Answer 19

detectors

Question 20

set point, compares stimulus with the set standard value for a specific variable

Answer 20

reefrence

Question 21

evaluate incoming signals from detector and reference.

Answer 21

control centers

Question 22

produce compensatory changes in the corrected variable

Answer 22

effectors

Question 23

send signal to detectors and control center to cease producing changes

Answer 23

corrected variable

Question 24

an example that involves control mechanisms

Answer 24

regulation of body temperature. like when we are running, we produces heat. the control center receives stimukus from the sensors indicating that the body temp exceeds normal range. it will then activate the effectors to take action

Question 25

In order to maintain homeostasis, the body use ________ to control the body’s internal conditions.

Answer 25

feedback loops

Question 26

it ensures if 1 homeostatic mechanism doesn't work, may back up

Answer 26

redundancy of homeostatic mechanisms

Question 27

consist of a series of changes that return a factor that has become excessive toward a certain normal mean value, thus maintaining homeostasis.

Answer 27

negative feedback mechanism

Question 28

In this mechanism, the result of one process later inhibits that same process or the response attenuates or decreases the stimulus

Answer 28

negative feedback mechanisms

Question 29

examples of negative feedback mechanism

Answer 29

control of blood glucose control of acidity of body fluids control of body weight control of blood oxygen and o2 maintenance of sodium and fluid content of blood control of body temperature

Question 30

an initiating stimulus causes certain changes which result not to correction but to more of the same stimulus. Response enhances the stimulus.

Answer 30

positive feedback mechanism

Question 31

It is a vicious cycle, and produces an unstable system thus it is rarely found in biologic system.

Answer 31

positive feeback mechanism

Question 32

example of useful feedback mechanism

Answer 32

blood coagulation birth generation of action potentials

Question 33

change their response each time a stimulus is presented until the proper response is determined.

Answer 33

adaptive control syste,

Question 34

It is a delayed negative feedback which is seen in the nervous system.

Answer 34

adaptive control system

Question 35

prepares the body for an anticipated change

Answer 35

feed-forward control principle

Question 36

examples of adaptive control system

Answer 36

control of movement and balance monitoring external environment

Question 38

hormone that causes stronger contractions of the smooth muscles in the uterus

Answer 38

oxytocin