control of breathing

Question 1

respiratory regulation: sensor

Answer 1

chemoreceptor
pulmonary receptor

Question 2

respiratory regulation: processors

Answer 2

brainstem (automatic)
- medulla
- pons
cerebral cortex (voluntary)

Question 3

respiratory regulation: processors

Answer 3

respiratory muscle:
D
I

Question 4

Medullary: Dorsal

Answer 4

controls inspiration
send signals to motor neuron

Question 5

medullary: ventral

Answer 5

induce both inspiration and expiration
inhibit in quiet breathing

Question 6

Quiet breathing

Answer 6

passive exhalation

Question 7

forced breathing

Answer 7

active exhalation

Question 9

pneumotaxic centre

Answer 9

limit the duration of inspiration (shorter, rapid breaths)
increase breathing rate

Question 10

apneustic centre

Answer 10

promote inspiration
stimulate DRG
prolonged the inspiration phase

Question 11

during exercise

Answer 11

increased metabolic demand
-> stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptor -> send signal to brainstem -> pneumotaxic centre activation (limit duration of the breathing, increased breathing rate)

Question 12

respiratory receptor

Answer 12

central chemoreceptor:
medulla oblongata
detect in cerebrospinal fluid
peripheral chemoreceptor:
carotid bodies, aortic bodies
detect in blood
response: IX, V nerves

Question 13

other receptor

Answer 13

pulmonary stretch receptors
irritant receptor

Question 14

Hering- Breuer reflex

Answer 14

prevent overinflation of lung

Question 15

Hering- Breuer reflex: process

Answer 15

inspiration -> Vtidal > normal
-> stretching of lung -> detected by stretch receptor -> impulses send through vagal afferent -> inhibition of DGN (inhibit inspiration)

Question 16

hypothalamus

Answer 16

emotional controls

Question 17

cortical control

Answer 17

conscious breathing