Control Of Food Intake

Question 1

How much can the stomach expand by (volume-wise)?

Answer 1

50ml -> 1500ml

Question 2

What are the two satiety signals?

Answer 2

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and NO

Question 3

How does receptive relaxation work?

Answer 3

Mechanical stimulation in the pharynx -> vagus centre stimulated which sends signals down the inhibitory vagal fibre (NANC inhibition) -> NO or VIP relax the gastric resovoir into the fondus

Question 4

What is the enteric nervous system?

Answer 4

Stomachs brain

Question 5

What is the difference between feedback and adaptive relaxation?

Answer 5

Feedback relaxation - after the food has left the stomach

Adaptive- when the foods still in the stomach- more to do with satiety

Question 6

What happens when the ENS detects lipids in the stomach?

Answer 6

Cholecystokinin is released in the blood

Question 7

What is a vagotomy?

Answer 7

When some of the vagal nerves are severed

Question 8

What does a vagotomy do?

Answer 8

Impairs accommodation and gastric compliance and non-motor factors (like gastric emptying)

Question 9

What does a vagotomy cause you to feel?

Answer 9

Bloated, nausea etc

Question 10

What is the definition of hunger?

Answer 10

Discomfort caused by lack of food and the desire to eat- strong physiological craving for food

Question 11

What is the definition of appetite?

Answer 11

Psychological drive to satisfy the bodies need for food

Question 12

What is the definition of satiety?

Answer 12

State of being full after eating food

Question 13

What is the definition of aphagia?

Answer 13

Inability or refusal to swallow

Question 14

What is the definition of hyper/polyphagia?

Answer 14

An abnormal desire for food

Question 15

What part of the brain controls food intake?

Answer 15

Hypothalamus

Question 16

What regulates feeding in the hypothalamus?

Answer 16

Balance of stimulators and inhibiting forces

Question 17

When are carbs metabolised?

Answer 17

During the day

Question 18

When are fats metabolised?

Answer 18

At night

Question 19

What are the reasons for difference in the BMI?

Answer 19

70% genes and 30% how much we eat and its composition

Question 20

What factors influence appetite (5)?

Answer 20

Food palatability
Emotional
Habitual
Circadian rhythm
Company

Question 21

What does the nucleus accumbens do?

Answer 21

Controls ingestion and swallowing

Question 22

What does the somatosensory cortex control?

Answer 22

Taste perception

Question 23

What does the prefrontal cortex control?

Answer 23

Food-seeking behaviours

Question 24

Where is the satiety centre found?

Answer 24

Ventromedial nuclei

Question 25

What happens when the ventromedial nuclei is stimulated?

Answer 25

Aphagia

Question 26

What happens when there are lesions on the ventromedial nuclei?

Answer 26

Hyperphagia

Question 27

What do opioids do?

Answer 27

Increase appetite