Control of Nausea & Vomiting

Question 1

Does this describe simple or complex vomiting:
Not related to administration or exposure to noxious agents

Answer 1

Simple

Question 2

Does this describe simple or complex vomiting:
Accounts for slight patient deterioration, inclusive of electrolyte loss, pain and noncompliance with prescribed therapies

Answer 2

Simple

Question 3

Does this describe simple or complex vomiting:
Symptoms not adequately relieved by the administration of a single antiemetic agent

Answer 3

Complex

Question 4

Does this describe simple or complex vomiting:
Leads to progressive deterioration of the patient secondary to electrolyte loss, pain and noncompliance with directed therapies

Answer 4

Complex

Question 5

Does this describe simple or complex vomiting:
Caused by noxious agents or psychogenic events

Answer 5

Complex

Question 6

The chemoreceptor trigger zone is located here

Answer 6

In area postrema

Question 7

The chemoreceptor trigger zone is located in the area postrema, is enhanced by chemotherapy, and directly activates this

Answer 7

Vomiting (emetic) center

Question 8

Does gastric pyloric contraction activate or inhibit the emetic reflex?

Answer 8

Activate

Question 9

These two receptors associated with vomiting are found in the vestibular system

Answer 9

Histamine 1 and Muscarinic 1

Question 10

These four receptors associated with vomiting are found in the emetic center

Answer 10

Histamine 1
Muscarinic 1
Neurokinin 1
Serotonin 5-HT3

Question 11

Are there serotonin receptors associated with vomiting in the enterochromaffin cells?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

These three receptors associated with vomiting are found in the area postrema

Answer 12

Dopamine 2
Serotonin 5-HT3
Neurokinin 1

Question 13

Antacids are used for nausea and vomiting caused by these two mechanisms

Answer 13

Drug-induced
Motion-related

Question 14

Antihistamines and anticholinergics are used for nausea and vomiting caused by these three mechanisms

Answer 14

Motion sickness
Inner ear disorders
Postoperative emesis

Question 15

This type of drug for nausea and vomiting should be used with caution in elderly patients due to urinary retention effect

Answer 15

Antihistamines

Question 16

Promethazine is used for nausea and vomiting because it has these three actions

Answer 16

Anti-dopaminergic
Anticholinergic
Antihistamine

Question 17

This is an anticholinergic used for prevention and treatment of motion sickness
Available in transdermal patch

Answer 17

Scopolamine

Question 18

Scopolamine is this type of drug

Answer 18

Anticholinergic

Question 19

Scopolamine is an anticholinergic used for prevention and treatment of this

Answer 19

motion sickness

Question 20

Dopamine D2 antagonists are used for nausea and vomiting because they target this zone

Answer 20

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 21

Antidopaminergics are used for nausea and vomiting due to these three mechanisms

Answer 21

Medication
Toxic
Metabolic

Question 22

This antidopaminergic is not uniformly effective in drug-induced emesis
Anticholinergic actions assist with motion sickness

Answer 22

Haloperidol

Question 23

Is haloperidol effective in drug-induced emesis?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Haloperidol is an antidopaminergic, but it also has this action which assists with motion sickness

Answer 24

Anticholinergic

Question 25

Is Metoclopramide effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting?

Answer 25

Yes - is a very effective antidopaminergic

Question 26

This antidopaminergic is used for postoperative nausea and vomiting, and nausea associated with gastroenteritis

Answer 26

Trimethobenzamide

Question 27

These drugs for nausea and vomiting cross the blood brain barrier and cause anxiety, movement disorders, and hyperprolactinemic effects (galactorrhea, sexual dysfunction)

Answer 27

Dopamine antagonists

Question 28

This type of drug is used for drug-induced and motion-related nausea and vomiting

Answer 28

Antacids

Question 29

This type of drug is used for nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness, inner ear disorders, and postoperative emesis

Answer 29

Antihistamines and Anticholinergics

Question 30

This type of drug is used for medication, toxic, and metabolic related nausea and vomiting

Answer 30

Antidopaminergic

Question 31

This type of drug is used for drug-induced emesis, hyperemesis of pregnancy, postoperative and chemotherapy/radiation-induced emesis

Answer 31

5-HT3 receptor antagonists

Question 32

Long-term use of this type of drug for nausea and vomiting may increase cardiovascular risk

Answer 32

Central 5-HT3 receptor antagonists

Question 33

Ondansetron and Granisetron are this type of drug for nausea and vomiting

Answer 33

Central 5-HT3 receptor antagonists

Question 34

Effects of cannabinoid-receptor agonists are related to receptors near these two zones

Answer 34

Chemoreceptor trigger zone AND vomiting center

Question 35

Effects of this type of drug for nausea and vomiting are related to receptors near chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting center

Answer 35

Cannabinoid-receptor agonists

Question 36

This type of drug is used for chemotherpay-induced emesis, durg-induced emesis (when most others are ineffective), and anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS (stimulates appetite)

Answer 36

Cannabinoid-receptor agonists

Question 37

Dronabinol and Nabilone are this type of drug for nausea and vomiting

Answer 37

Cannabinoid-receptor agonists

Question 38

Adverse effects of this type of drug for nausea and vomiting include fatigue, asthenia, hiccups, and inhibition of CYP 3A4

Answer 38

Substance P / Neurokinin 1 antagonists

Question 39

These drugs are used with steroids and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists to manage nausea and vomiting due to cancer chemotherapy

Answer 39

Substance P / Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists

Question 40

This Substance P / Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist is used to prevent delayed phase nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy

Answer 40

Rolapitant

Question 41

This Substance P / Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist is used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults

Answer 41

Aprepitante

Question 42

Rolapitante and Aprepitante are this type of drug for nausea and vomiting

Answer 42

Substance P / Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists

Question 43

Severe forms of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are called this

Answer 43

Hyperemesis gravidarum

Question 44

This type of drug is best for nausea and vomiting in pregnant patients

Answer 44

Antihistamines

Question 45

This specific antihistamine is best for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

Answer 45

Doxylamine (pregnancy category A) meclizine is an antihistamine in pregnancy category B

Question 46

This antidopaminergic has non-teratogenic effects but is not recommended for use in pregnant patients except in cases of severe nausea and vomiting

Answer 46

Prochlorperazine

Question 47

Prochlorperazine is this type of drug

Answer 47

Antidopaminergic

Question 48

Doxylamine is this type of drug

Answer 48

Antihistamine

Question 49

Can ondansetron be used for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy?

Answer 49

Yes, but not first line

Question 50

This vitamin is an alternative therapy for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, along with ginger

Answer 50

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

Question 51

Do steroids have pro- or anti-emetic activity?

Answer 51

Antiemetic Dexamethasone or methylprednisolone are common additions to antiemetic therapies Steroids have some value in treating chemotherapy-induced emesis

Question 52

These are sometimes used as antiemetic drugs because of their sedative, anxiolytic, and amnesic actions

Answer 52

Benzodiazepines

Question 53

This benzodiazepine can be used for preventative nausea and vomiting with chemotherapy

Answer 53

Lorazepam

Question 54

Medications that combine these two compounds are the drug of choice and best for nausea/vomiting in pregnancy

Answer 54

Doxylamine and Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

Question 55

In nonpregnant and male patients, these three drugs are the most effective choices for nausea and vomiting

Answer 55

Promethazine (antihistamine, anti-dopaminergic, anticholinergic action) Prochlorperazine (antidopaminergic) Ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist)

Question 56

Prochlorperazine is this type of drug for nausea and vomiting

Answer 56

Antidopaminergic

Question 57

These two steroids are common additions to antiemetic therapies

Answer 57

Dexamethasone or Methylprednisolone

Question 58

Lorazepam can be used for preventative nausea and vomiting with this

Answer 58

Chemotherapy