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GI - Week 3 > GI/Hepatobiliary Infectious diseases > Flashcards

GI/Hepatobiliary Infectious diseases Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Is Leptospira interrogans gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

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2
Q

This organism is a thin, tightly coiled gram negative spirochete with hooked ends (question mark shaped)

A

Leptospira interrogans

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3
Q

Infection with Leptospira interrogans is usually inapparent, but involves this organ

A

Kidneys

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4
Q

Disease transmission with this gram negative bacteria that commonly affects the liver and kidney, is by contact with water contaminated with urine from infected animals

A

Leptospira interrogans

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5
Q

These two organs are the most common organs affected in severe disease with Leptospira interrogans

A

Liver and kidney

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6
Q

Initial phase of infection with this organism presents as influenza-like
Second phase includes headache, myalgia, chills, abdominal pain, conjunctival suffusion
Leads to vascular collapse, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, hepatic and renal failure

A

Leptospira interrogans

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7
Q

Leptospira interrogans is cultured on this medium

A

Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium

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8
Q

Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium is used to culture this bacteria

A

Leptospira interrogans

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9
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) may occur with this bacteria
Occurs within 24 hours after treatment; includes fever, chills, N&V, HA, tachycardia, hypotension, hyperventilation, flushing, myalgia, and exacerbation of skin lesions

A

Leptospira interrogans

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10
Q

This reaction may occur within 24 hours after treatment of Leptospira interrogans
Involves fevers, chills, N&V, HA, tachycardia, hypotension, exacerbation of skin lesions

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR)

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11
Q

Is Bacteroides fragilis gram positive or negative?

A

Negative

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12
Q

Bacteroides fragilis can be grown on this special media

A

Bile-esculin agar

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13
Q

This bacteria is part of the normal flora but can cause intra-abdominal infections and liver abscess
Rod shaped, anaerobic gram negative, pleomorphic

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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14
Q

This bacteria can be grown on bile-esculin agar

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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15
Q

Primary treatments for Bacteroides fragilis include these drugs

A

Metronidazole and Piperacillin-tazobactam

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16
Q

This hepatitis virus is the only one that is a DNA virus
All others are RNA

A

Hepatitis B

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17
Q

These two hepatitis viruses have fecal-oral transmission

A

Hepatitis A and E

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18
Q

Patients with Hepatitis A are contagious for this many days before symptoms arise

A

10-14 days

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19
Q

This hepatitis virus is resistant to detergents, acid, and temperatures as high as 60 degrees C
Can remain viable for months in fresh and salt water
Post exposure passive immunization

A

Hepatitis A

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20
Q

This HBV antigen is 3 glycoproteins encoded in the same gene, same frame, but different AUG codons
(small, medium, large)

A

Surface antigen (HBsAg)

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21
Q

This glycoprotein is the major component of HBsAg and self associates into spherical sub viral particles released from the cell

A

Small

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22
Q

This is the prominent T cell antigen of HBV

Study These Flashcards
A

Core antigen HBcAg

23
Q

This HBV antigen arises first

24
Q

This HBV antigen rises second and falls first

25
This HBV antigen is usually not shown in serologies
HBcAg
26
This HBV antibody rises first
Anti-HBc
27
This HBV antibody rises second and may be negative after chronic disease
Anti-HBe
28
This HBV antibody rises last and only in convalescence
Anti-HBs
29
Does perinatal or adult infection with HBV have a higher chance of developing chronic infection?
Perinatal
30
This hepatitis virus coats itself with LDL or vLDL and uses their receptors for uptake into hepatocytes
Hepatitis C
31
This hepatitis virus inhibits apoptosis and interferon alpha action
Hepatitis C
32
This is the only viroid-like satellite RNA known to infect humans
Hepatitis D
33
Hepatitis E belongs to this viral family
Hepeviridae (resembles calicivirus)
34
Pregnant women with this hepatitis virus (2nd or 3rd trimester) are at increased risk of acute liver failure, fetal loss and mortality
Hepatitis E
35
Yellow fever virus belongs to this viral family
Flavivirus
36
Yellow fever virus has this type of genome
+ssRNA
37
Yellow fever virus transmission is by this
Bite of infected Aedes or Haemagogus mosquito
38
Transmission of this enveloped +ssRNA virus is by bite of infected Aedes or Haemagogus mosquito
Yellow fever virus
39
Yellow fever virus is found in Afria or Central/South America, where these animals are a significant reservoir
Infected primates
40
In some cases with this virus, patients progress to severe disease, experiencing high fever, nausea, bleeding, “black vomit” from GI bleeding (coagulation defects), and jaundice
Yellow fever virus
41
The immune response to infection with this virus results in a cytokine storm, which leads to tissue and organ-damaging effects
Yellow fever virus
42
What is the treatment for Yellow fever virus?
No proven treatment (control mosquitoes)
43
Infections with this parasite cause flask shaped ulcerations in the intestinal mucosa with inflammation, hemorrhage, and secondary bacterial infection
Entamoeba histolytica
44
Entamoeba histolytica is distributed in this geographic region
Worldwide
45
Entamoeba histolytica infections can be treated with this drug, followed by iodoquinol or paromomycin
Metronidazole
46
This is a sheep liver fluke that is found worldwide
Fasciola hepatica
47
Fasciola hepatica migrate through the duodenal wall, and migration ends here where maturation to adulthood takes place
Bile duct
48
Fasciola hepatica is particularly a liver fluke of this animal
Sheep
49
Fasciola hepatica primary treatment is this drug
Triclabendazole
50
This is a Chinese liver fluke, and transmission is by ingestion of uncooked freshwater fish
Clonorchis sinensis
51
Clonorchis sinensis develop first in this part of the body, then migrate
Duodenum
52
Clonorchis sinensis develop first in the duodenum, and then migrate to these, where they become adults
Bile ducts
53
Chronic infection with this parasite can result in adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts Invasion of the gallbladder may produce cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and impaired liver function, as well as liver abscesses
Clonorchis sinensis
54
These parasites cause an initial skin rash Penetrate skin, enter circulation, and develop in the intrahepatic portal circulation (S. mansoni and S. japonicum) or in the vesical, prostatic, rectal, and uterine plexuses and veins (S. haematobium) Potential complications like cirrhosis, liver damage, and bile duct cancer
Blood flukes

GI - Week 3 (6 decks)

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