Control Of Variables

Question 1

Extraneous Variables

Answer 1

Broader category
Two types: Participant Variables and Situational Variables
Do not systematically vary with the IV

Question 2

Confounding Variables

Answer 2

Type of Extraneous Variable
Varies systemically with the IV
Cannot be controlled
Is in between cause and effect

Question 3

Demand Characteristics

Answer 3

Cues that lead participants to change their behaviour as they try to guess the aims of the experiment

Question 4

DC - ‘Screw-U’ effect

Answer 4

Participants deliberately under-perform to sabotage the results

Question 5

DC - ‘Please-U’ effect

Answer 5

Participants try to over-perform to please the experimenter

Question 6

Investigator effects

Answer 6

Unwanted influence from the investigator on the results

Question 7

Randomisation

Answer 7

Use of chance methods to control the effects of bias
Reduces investigator effects

Question 8

Standardisation

Answer 8

Using exactly the same formalised procedures and instructions for all participants
Reduces investigator and situational effects