CONTROLING MICROBIAL GROWTH: IN VITRO

Question 1

In vitro

Answer 1

Occurrences that happen outside the body

Question 2

in vivo

Answer 2

Occurrences that happen inside the body

Question 3

Factors that affect Microbial growth

Answer 3

1.Availability of nutrients
2. Moisture
3.Temperature
4.pH
5. Osmotic Pressure and salinity
6. Barometric pressure
7. Gaseous atmosphere

Question 4

complete drying process

Answer 4

desiccation

Question 5

example of Thermophiles

Answer 5

Pyrolobus fumarri

Question 6

organism that live in >100 deg.

Answer 6

Hyperthemophiles or extremethermophiles

Question 7

an archaeon organism that live in 113 deg. Celsius

Answer 7

Pyrolobus fumarri

Question 8

organism that grow in normal body temperature

Answer 8

mesophiles

Question 9

A group pf psychrophiles that has an optimum growth of 4 deg.

Answer 9

psychotrophs

Question 10

prefer warm temperatures but can tolerate very cold temperature

Answer 10

psychoduric organisms

Question 11

bread molds

Answer 11

psychotrops

Question 12

example of psychoduric organisms

Answer 12

E. coli

Question 13

thermophiles minimum growth temp.

Answer 13

25 deg.

Question 14

thermophiles optimum growth temp.

Answer 14

50-60 deg

Question 15

thermophiles maximum growth

Answer 15

113 deg.

Question 16

mesophiles minimum growth

Answer 16

10 deg.

Question 17

mesophiles optimum growth

Answer 17

20-40 deg.

Question 18

mesophiles maximum growth temp

Answer 18

45 deg.

Question 19

psychrophiles minimum growth

Answer 19

-5 deg.

Question 20

psychrophiles optimum growth

Answer 20

10-20 deg.

Question 21

maximum growth of psychrophiles

Answer 21

30 deg.

Question 22

types of pH affecting microbial growth

Answer 22

Acidophiles
Alkaliphiles

Question 23

hydrogen ion of the solution

Answer 23

pH

Question 24

ph 2-5

Answer 24

acidophile

Question 25

ph >8.5 and example:

Answer 25

Alkaliphiles, intestine Vibrio cholerae

Question 26

pressure on the cell membrane outside and inside the cell: where, pressure is equal.

Answer 26

osmotic pressure

Question 27

The movement of solvent from low solute to high solute.

Answer 27

osmosis

Question 28

equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell

Answer 28

isotonic

Question 29

no cell movement water

Answer 29

isotonic

Question 30

concentration of the solute outside the cell is GREATER than than inside.

Answer 30

HYPERTONIC

Question 31

HYPERTONIC

Answer 31

RBC CRENATION PLASMOLYSIS (BACTERIAL CELL)

Question 32

Concentration of the solute is LOWER outside than inside

Answer 32

hemolysis RBC plasmoptysis (bacterial cell)

Question 33

halophilic bacteria

Answer 33

vibrio cholerae

Question 34

BAROMETERIC PRESSURE

Answer 34

piezophiles 14.7 psi

Question 35

20-21 % Oxygen 78-79% Nitrogen

Answer 35

Obligate Aerobes

Question 36

5% oxygen

Answer 36

microaerophiles

Question 37

5-10% Carbon dioxide

Answer 37

Capnophiles

Question 38

destruction of all microbes including cells, spores and viruses

Answer 38

sterilization

Question 39

dry hear, steam, under pressure and radiation

Answer 39

physical methods

Question 40

ethylene oxide gas, formaldehyde

Answer 40

chemical methods

Question 41

elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores from non living organism.

Answer 41

disinfection

Question 42

methods of disinfection

Answer 42

-pasteurization -disinfectants -antiseptics -sanitization

Question 43

agents that kill organism (bactericida, sporicidal and fungicidal)

Answer 43

microbicidal

Question 44

inhibits the reproduction of microorganisms, but not necessary killing them

Answer 44

microbistatic

Question 45

process combines dehydration and freezing

Answer 45

lyophilization

Question 46

presence of pathogen in blood or tissue

Answer 46

sepsis

Question 46

absence of pathogen is

Answer 46

asepsis

Question 47

prevention of an infection

Answer 47

antisepsis

Question 48

a method to eliminate and exclude pathogen to prevent infection

Answer 48

aseptic technique

Question 49

who developed aseptic technique?

Answer 49

John Lister

Question 50

most common type of sterilization used in inanimate object

Answer 50

heat

Question 51

two factors of heat

Answer 51

temperature and time

Question 52

the lowest temperature that kills organism within a specified time

Answer 52

THERMAL DEPTH POINT (TDP)

Question 53

the length of time necessary to sterilize a pure culture at a specified time

Answer 53

THERMAL DEPTH TIME(TDT)

Question 54

effective sterilization of glassware, metals, oils and waxes.

Answer 54

dry heat methods: Oven Heating/ Baking

Question 55

the most common method in treating infectious waste in infected animals

Answer 55

incineration

Question 56

burning of contaminated materials to ashes (300- 400 deg.) hazardous materials (870-980)

Answer 56

incineration

Question 57

used to control the spread of infectious disease

Answer 57

cremation

Question 58

faster and more effective than dry heat

Answer 58

moist heat

Question 59

methods of moist heat

Answer 59

-boiling -autoclaving -tyndalization -inspissation -pasteurization

Question 60

destroy vegetative bacteria

Answer 60

boiling

Question 61

stem pressure: destroy all microbial life

Answer 61

autoclaving

Question 62

121.5 deg 15 psi 15-20 mins

Answer 62

sterilize media and instrument

Question 63

132 deg. 30-60 mins.

Answer 63

infectious medical waste

Question 64

pressure sensitive found in autoclave tapes

Answer 64

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Question 65

ampule purple to yellow

Answer 65

process not successful

Question 66

fractional sterilization

Answer 66

Tyndalization

Question 67

free circulation of steam at atmospheric pressure

Answer 67

Arnold sterilizer

Question 68

thickened media through evaporation

Answer 68

inspissation

Question 69

sterilize high proteins containing media (eg. Lowenstein-Jensen's media and Loeffer's serum media)

Answer 69

inspissation

Question 70

sterilize dairy product and other beverages

Answer 70

pasteurization

Question 71

types of pasteurization

Answer 71

Low temperature holding (LTH) High temperature Short time (HTST) Ultra High Temperature

Question 72

classical method: batch method 63 deg. for 30 mins.

Answer 72

Low temperature holding (LTH)

Question 73

flash pasteurization: 72 deg. for 15 see.

Answer 73

High temperature Short time (HTST)

Question 74

140 deg. for 3 sec or <1 seconds

Answer 74

Ultra High Temperature

Question 75

methods of choice for sterilization of antibiotic solutions, vaccines, toxic chemicals,radioisotopes, vaccines and carbohydrates.

Answer 75

Filtration

Question 76

2 types of filtration

Answer 76

depth filters membrane filters

Question 77

filters for fibrous granular materials (asbestos)

Answer 77

depth filters

Question 78

polycarbonate: cellulose acetate liquid: cellulose acetate Air : Hepa filter

Answer 78

membrane filters

Question 79

cold sterilization: shorter wavelength: high intensity energy (eg. gamma rays, Xrays)

Answer 79

Ionizing radiation

Question 80

Ionizing radiation inidcator

Answer 80

Bacillus pumilus

Question 81

longer; lower energy

Answer 81

ono ionizing radiation