Controls

Question 1

Define internal vadility

Answer 1

The degree to which an observed effect was due to the experimental manipulation rather than other factors such as extraneous variables

Question 2

Give examples of things that internal vadility is concerned with

Answer 2

-What goes on inside the study, for example whether the IV produced the change in the DV or it was confoudning variables that produced the change
-Whether the researcher tested what they intended to test
Whether the study posessed or lacked mundane realism

Question 3

How may a researcher increase internal vadility

Answer 3

They must design the research carefully by controlling confounding and extraneous variables and ensuring they are testing what they intend to test

Question 4

Define external vadility

Answer 4

The degree to which a research finding can be generalised; to other settings ( ecological validity) to other groups of people ( population validity) or over time ( historical validity)

Question 5

What may external validity concern?

Answer 5

• The place where the research was conducted ( ecological validity) it may not be appropriate to generalise from the research setting to other settings, most importantly to every day life.
• The people who were studied( population validity) e.g if the research involved only all men or only americans, it may not be appropriate to generalise this to people in real life
• The historical period ( historical validity) If a study was conducted in the 1950s it may not be appropriate to generalise the findings to people today because many other factors affect people now