Conventions

Question 1

Conventional Spelling

Answer 1

When children know and use most basic spelling rules and spell most words correctly.

Question 2

Writing: Transitional Stage

Answer 2

5–6: Third writing stage. Writes a word or syllable with one letter, usually the first. Learns basic punctuation.

Question 3

Homophones

Answer 3

words that are pronounced the same as another word but have a different meaning and may be spelled differently

carat, carrot, caret: to, too, two

Question 4

Etymology

Answer 4

the study of the origin and history of words

Question 5

Precise (Writing)

Answer 5

in writing, a sentence that contains specific details and avoids wordy descriptions

turquoise instead of light bluish green

Question 6

Semiphonetic Spelling

Answer 6

Students have some letter awareness, but are unable to use all letters in the word.

Spell “play” p-a

Question 7

Writing: Pre-Conventional Stage

Answer 7

First stage of writing (ages 2-5). Child is aware that drawings and prints have specific meaning.

Question 8

Transition Words

Answer 8

Phrases and words used to link sentences, paragraphs, and ideas together.

First, next, last, on the other hand

Question 9

Writing: Emergent Stage

Answer 9

Second stage of writing (ages 4-5). Understands that what is said (speech) can be written and that print moves from left to right rather than randomly on a page

Question 10

Tense

Answer 10

words that indicate if a statement is referring to past time, present time, or future time

Past- She spoke. Present- She speaks. Future- She will speak.

Question 11

Writing: Proficient Stage

Answer 11

Fifth writing stage (ages 7–9). Knows how to write for different goals and audiences and can do so

Question 12

Connotation

Answer 12

the implied meaning of a word; the feeling a word conveys

Describing a person as “shrewd” may make them feel negatively, even though the definition (sharp-witted, intelligent) is positive.

Question 13

Dialogue Tag

Answer 13

followed or preceded by a comma or punctuation mark, with quotation marks around the quotation

As Mark exited the highway, he thought, “I hope this is the right way.”

Question 14

Precommunicative Spelling

Answer 14

Students use scribble shapes and sometimes letter-like shapes for spelling words but are unable to make the forms

Question 15

Invented Spelling

Answer 15

Child’s attempt to spell based on best judgement

Question 16

Demonstrative Pronoun

Answer 16

this, that, these, those

These boxes are ready for shipment. Those boxes aren’t.

Question 17

Writing: Conventional Stage

Answer 17

Fourth stage of writing (ages 6-7). Demonstrates more control over many aspects of the writing process.

Question 18

Direct Quotation

Answer 18

an exact reproduction of the words of an author or a speaker that are set-off in quotation marks

Patrick Henry said, “Give me liberty, or give me death!”

Question 19

Phonetic Spelling

Answer 19

Students spell the way they hear the word pronounced

Spell “made” m-a-d

Question 20

Transitional Spelling

Answer 20

Students spell some words in a standard way, but they still misspell a lot of odd words.

Question 21

Paraphrased Quotation

Answer 21

The author shows what was said without necessarily repeating the exact words of the speaker.
The president said he would pay teachers more.

Question 22

Paralanguage

Answer 22

includes pitch, loudness, and tone.