Cooperation Flashcards
1
Q
Kennedy attitude towards USSR
A
- In event of nuclear war would have combined 90 million casualties
- One outcome had been Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) it was advantageous to have nuclear equality
- Kennedy began negotiations with nuclear powers in 1963 but assassinated in November 1963
2
Q
Khrushchev’s attitude towards USA after Cuba
A
- Khrushchev presented Cuba as a triumph where he achieved mutual restraint rather than brinkmanship
- USSR could no longer rely on Asia after split with China in 1961 but managed to reconcile with Tito
3
Q
Moscow Test Ban Treaty August 1963
A
- This came after several years of negotiations after initially proposed bu USSR in 1950s
- Agreeing on the ways that they could test their nuclear weapons
- Agreement finally reached August 1963 and Kennedy’s speech at American university crucial in gaining support
- Agreement was partial because it didn’t include underground tests
- France continued tests in South pacific into the 1990s
4
Q
What did Moscow Treaty Represent
A
- First collective agreement to limit nuclear arms race
- Treaty confirmed Britain, USA and USSR committed to form easing tensions
- Accepting the principle that on-site testing was not necessary was a show of trust
5
Q
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty July 1968
A
- Despite accepting a test ban on nuclear weapons Kennedy administration produced ICBM’s and SLBM’s
- Soviet Union developed technology to intercept missiles ABM’s then MAD was no longer effective
- Early 1967 Robert McNamara persuaded Johnson to delay development of ABM
- Soviets reluctant to include that but then used the new American MIRV’s to the table
- Treaty established countries without nukes should never be allowed to produce them
- Most UN countries between 1968-70 signed but France and China didn’t until 1992
6
Q
Cut Back on Nuclear Weapons
A
- Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia and Johnson’s decsion not to re-elect froze the talks
- USSR began to focus on sphere of influence
- Nixon wanted to consolidate and strengthen US international position
- Brezhnev opportunity to focus on more internal affairs
