Divides: Right and Left
Sagittal Plane
Divides: Anterior-Posterior
Frontal (Corona) Plane
Divides: Superior-Posterior
Transverse Plane
Cartesian coordinate system is aka (2)
Orthogonal or Rectangular coordinate system
Orthogonal coordinate system means what?
Its coordinating surfaces meet at right angles to another.
What are the 3 axes of motion?
x, y, and z
How are the 3 axes of motion formed?
By the junction of 2 planes
The movement in a STRAIGHT LINE ALONG and axis.
translation
Movement occurs AROUND and axis.
rotation
What is the most common motion in the body?
Coupled movment
Coupled movement aka?
Curvilinear motion
Coupled motion combines what two movements?
Rotation and translation
How many “degrees of freedom” are there?
6
The potential exists for each joint to exhibit _______ movements and ________ rotational movements.
3 translational
3 rotational
The x-axis is the junction of what two planes?
Coronal and transverse
The Y-axis is the junction of what two planes?
Coronal and sagittal
The Z-axis is the junction of what two planes?
Sagittal and transverse
Always horizontal side to side - axis?
x-axis
Always vertical - axis?
Y-axis
Perpendicular to X, front to back - axis?
Z-axis
X-axis translation: + is towards _____, - is towards ______.
Left,
right
Y-axis translation: + is towards ____. = towards ____.
Superior
Inferior
Z-axis translation: + toward _____. - toward _____.
Anterior
posterior
Lateral glide right to left is what kind of translation?
Positive X translation
Lateral glide left to right is what kind of translation?
Negative X translation
Distraction is what motion? What kind of translation?
Inferior to superior.
Positive Y translation.
Compression is what motion? What kind of translation?
Superior to inferior.
Negative Y translation.
P-A glide is aka?
anterolisthesis
A-P glide is aka?
retrolisthesis
Anterolisthesis is what kind of translation?
Positive Z translation
Retrolisthesis is what kind of translation?
Negative Z translation
3-D Cartesian coordinate system Rotation aka?
“right handed system”
Flexion of spine is what kind of rotation?
Positive theta X
Extension of spine is what kind of rotation?
Negative theta X
Left axial rotation is what kind of rotation?
Positive theta Y
Right axial rotation is what kind of rotation?
Negative theta Y
Right lateral flexion is what kind of rotation?
Positive theta Z
Left lateral flexion is what kind of rotation?
Negative theta Z
Two motions coupled at once is called what?
Coupled motion
What are the coupled motions of vertebral motion?
Anterior translation (positive Z axis) Flexion (positive theta X)
