Coordination And Response

Question 1

What does the nervous system consist of?

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

Question 2

Nerve cell is also called

Answer 2

Neurone

Question 3

What is coordination ?

Answer 3

Making things happen at the right time by linking up different body activities

Question 4

Which 2 systems do humans have ?

Answer 4

Nervous system

Hormone/endocrine system

Question 5

What are the common features of both the motor neurone and the sensory neurone ?

Answer 5

• Long fibre (Axon), to carry messages up and down the body

- branches (dendrons), Recife incoming impulses from other neurones

Question 6

What do motor neurones do ?

Answer 6

They transmit a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector organ, leading to a response

Question 7

What is the small gap where two neurones meet called ?

Answer 7

Synapse

Question 8

What happens over a synapse ?

Answer 8

1) electrical impulses arrive down axon of neurone
2) neurotransmitters released
3) neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and attach to membrane of other neurone
4) impulse starts in second neurone
5) neurotransmitters broken down by enzymes of other neurone

Question 9

What is the flow chart of coordination ?

Answer 9

Stimulus - receptor - coordinator - effector - response

Question 10

What is a receptor ?

Answer 10

Something that detects the change in environment

They start electrical signals along neurones

Question 11

What is a stimulus ?

Answer 11

Change in animals surroundings/environment

Question 12

What is a coordinator ?

Answer 12

What the body decides to do

Question 13

What does an effector do?

Answer 13

Brings about a response (muscle or gland )

Question 14

What is a response?

Answer 14

Reaction to change

Question 15

What is the reflex arc?

Answer 15

The almost instant movement in response to a stimulus

Question 16

What is the pathway of the reflex arc?

Answer 16

Stimulus 
Receptor 
Sensory neurone 
Relay neurone 
Motor neurone 
Effector 
Response

Question 17

Nervous system

Answer 17

Works by nerve impulses transmitted through nerve cells

Impulses travel fast

Short lived response

Localised effect

Question 18

Endocrine system

Answer 18

Works by hormones transmitted through bloodstream

Travel slowly

Long lasting response

Widespread effect

Question 19

Blood glucose regulation

Answer 19

1) increase blood glucose after eating
2) pancreas detects rise
3) releases insulin
4) insulin travels in blood
5) reaches muscles and liver
6) stimulates uptake of glucose from blood
7) decrease in blood glucose
8) returns to normal

Question 20

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 20

Stops insulin production
Wee a lot
Destroys cells in pancreas

Question 21

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 21

Tissues become resistant to insulin

Question 22

What does the pancreas produce

Answer 22

Glucagon - breaks down glycogen, increases blood glucose

Question 23

Pupil

Answer 23

Lets light through

Question 24

Lens

Answer 24

Focusses light, changes shape

Question 25

Iris

Answer 25

Controls the amount of light entering the eye, contracts or relaxes to dilate or construct pupils

Question 26

Conjunctiva

Answer 26

Protects eye

Question 27

Ciliary muscles

Answer 27

Contract or relax to pull dispensary ligaments

Question 28

Suspensory ligaments

Answer 28

Slack/right to change the shape

Question 29

Choroid

Answer 29

Contains many pigment cells and blood vessels Blood supply - stops light reflecting

Question 30

Retina

Answer 30

Light sensitive layer Light energy converged into electrical energy of nerve impulses

Question 31

What does the retina contain

Answer 31

Cones and rods - receptor cells

Question 32

What do cones do

Answer 32

They detect colour - red, green and blue

Question 33

What do rods do

Answer 33

Work at night

Question 34

What happens to your eye in bright light?

Answer 34

Circular muscles contract Radical muscles relax Pupil constricts

Question 35

What happens to your eye in dim light ?

Answer 35

Circular muscles relax Radical muscles contract Pupil dilates

Question 36

What is homeostasis?

Answer 36

The process by which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Question 37

How does ur body keep warm

Answer 37

Shivering No sweating Vasoconstriction Increased metabolism

Question 38

How does ur body keep cool

Answer 38

``` No shivering Sweating Vasodilation Hairs lie flat Decreased metabolism ```

Question 39

Skin when cold

Answer 39

Less sweat on surface, less evaporation, less heat loss Arteriolar constricts (vasoconstriction), less blood flows near the surface

Question 40

Skin when hot

Answer 40

More sweat on surface, water evaporates, takes heat from skin and blood Arteriole dilates (vasodilation), more blood flows near skin surface

Question 41

What are tropisms ?

Answer 41

The growth of a plant in response to a stimulus

Question 42

Phototropism

Answer 42

Light Shoots grow towards light source, roots don’t respond

Question 43

Geotropism

Answer 43

Gravity Shoots grow away from direction of gravity, roots towards

Question 44

Opaque cap on tip

Answer 44

No bending

Question 45

Tip replaced on mica sheet

Answer 45

No bending

Question 46

Tip replaced on gelatine block

Answer 46

Normal bending

Question 47

What is the stimulus of growth

Answer 47

Passes through materials which absorb water soluble chemicals

Question 48

What is auxin

Answer 48

Plant hormone produced in stem tip, promotes cell elongation Cells in stems grow more Cells in roots grow less

Question 49

Adrenaline

Answer 49

Source - adrenal glands | Increases breathing rate, heart rat, flow of blood to muscles, conversion of glycogen

Question 50

Insulin

Answer 50

Source - pancreas | Controls blood glucose levels Increases conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage

Question 51

Testosterone

Answer 51

Regulates sex drive, bone mass, sex hormone

Question 52

Progesterone

Answer 52

Steroid hormone released by the corpus leteum, stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy

Question 53

Oestrogen

Answer 53

Female sex hormone, development and regulation of female reproductive system