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Biology Ol Edexcel > Coordination In Human > Flashcards

Coordination In Human Flashcards

1
Q

Effects of Adrenaline horomone

A

Increase heart rate
More blood to muscle
Fof More oxygen and glucose to muscle
For More aerobic respiration , for more energy
Breath rate increase for more oxygen
Blood glucose level increase
Pupil dialted to see better

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2
Q

Stimliu

A

Change In environment

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3
Q

Receptor

A

Specialized cells that detect change in environment

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4
Q

Effector

A

Part of the body that produces the response

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5
Q

Example of nerves

A

Central nervous system
Perephrial nervously system

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6
Q

Example of cns

A

Brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Function of sensory neuron

A

Transmit electric impluses from receptor to cns (brain and spinal cord)

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8
Q

Function of relay

A

Transmitted electrical impulse from sensory to motor through synpase

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9
Q

Function of motor

A

Transmit nerve impluse from cns to muscle and glands

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10
Q

Coordinated response require

A

Sitmulus
Receptor
Effector

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11
Q

Types of receptors

A

Light
Touch and heat
Chemical
Sound

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12
Q

What mean transducers

A

Change one form of energy to another

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13
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between 2 neurons

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14
Q

Say mechanism of transmission of nerve impluse across synapse

A

Impluse arrive down axon of 1 neuron
Impluse stimulates the release of neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter diffuse across synaptic gap
Neurotransmitter attach to receptor on membrane of second neuron intating another electrical impluse

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15
Q

What mean reflex action

A

Involuntary rapid response to stimulus which often protect body

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16
Q

What is meant by coordination

A

Organisms are able to respond to changes in environment for survival

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17
Q

Corena

A

Refract light

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18
Q

Pupil

A

Allow light in eye

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19
Q

Iris

A

Change size of pupil and control amount of light enter eye

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20
Q

Susponsry ligament and ciliary muscle

A

Change shape of lens and shape in accomidation

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21
Q

Retina

A

Light receptor
has rods and cons
Detect light

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22
Q

Optic nerve

A

Transmit nerve impluse from retina to brain

23
Q

Fovea

A

Point of cleanest vision and most cons

24
Q

Scelera

A

Protect eye

25
Q

Choroid

A

Dark pigment prevent reflection of light rays inside the eye

26
Q

What happen if blood water content low

A

1.hypothulmus in osmoreceptor detect this
2.hypothulums sitmulate putitary gland secrete adh
3.increase permeability of collecting duct
4.more water reabsorption
5.volume of urine decrease, concentration increase
6.controlled by negative feedback

27
Q

What happen of blood water content high

A

1.hylothulmus in osmoreceptor detect this
2.no stimulation of pituitary gland
3.no secretion of adh
4.so collecting
collecting duct reabsorbed less water from glomerular filterate to blood
5.more water lost in urine(diluted)
6.controlled by negativefeedback

28
Q

What happen in skin at hot weather

A

1.vasodilation of skin artioles
2.more blood flow to surface of skin
3.blood loses heat by radiation
4.sweat gland produce sweat
5.sweat evaporates
6.cool down body

29
Q

What happen to skin in cold weather

A

1.vasoconstriction of skin arteioles
2.less blood flow to surface of skin
3.less heat loss
4.hair erector muscle contract, hair erect ,trap air,air insluator
5.muscle shiver and release heat

30
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Control of internal body temperature

31
Q

What happen to pupil in bright light

A

Circular muscle contract
Radial muscle relax
Pupil become smaller

32
Q

What happen to pupil in dim light

A

Circulars muscle relax
Radial muscle contract
Pupil become larger

33
Q

Cons proprties

A

Colour
Clear
Near
Light

34
Q

Rods

A

Dark
Black and white
Far object

35
Q

Accommodation reflex of near objects

A

Ciliary muscle contract
Susponsry ligament loose
Lens fat and more round and convex and more light refraction

36
Q

Accomidation reflex of far object

A

Ciliary muscle relax
Susponsry ligament tight
Lens thin and less round and less convex
Less light refraction

37
Q

What are the two hormones that control blood glucose level

A

Insulin and glucagon

38
Q

What happen when glucose increase in blood

A

Insulin released,so glucose decrease and get back to normal,as glucose break down to glycogen in liver

39
Q

What happen when glucose in blood decrease

A

Glycagon released and break down glycogen (liver) to glucose in
So b.g.l increase and get to normal

40
Q

Reflex action arrangment

A

Stimulus then receptor then sesory then relay (cns) then motor then effector(muscle and gland)

41
Q

Example of effector

A

Muscle
Gland

42
Q

Simillteries between nervous and hormonal communication

A

Chemical involved
Require stimuli,recepetor, effector

43
Q

Difference between nervous and hormonal communication

A

Nervous transmit in neuron but hormonal transport in blood
nervous faster and shorter than hormonal
Nervous has electrical impluses but hormonal is chemical

44
Q

What is meant by endocrine gland

A

Gland secrete hormone or hormones directly into blood plasma (pancreas,adrenalgland…)

45
Q

What is meant hormone

A

Chemical that usually a protein secreted by an endocrine gland transported dissolved in plasma work on specific target organ

46
Q

Suggest why cells don’t store glucose

A

As it’s soluble
Osmotic effect

47
Q

Explain how reflex arc protect body

A

Prevent damage of body ad it’s fast response

48
Q

Explain how a reduction in the number of white blood cells can affect risk of infection

A

Increase risk of infection
By not killing bacteria and engulf
Less antibodies and antigen

49
Q

Explain why red blood cells would be damaged if the water content of the blood increased

A

Water enters from diluted to concentrated by osmosis, burst as no cell wall

50
Q

Suggest how detached retina could affect vision

A

Blindness
No connection to optic nerve

51
Q

What is meant by homeostasis

A

Control the internal environment

52
Q

What is meant by osmoregulation

A

Control concentration of blood

53
Q

Name the sense that uses receptor cells in retina

A

Vision

54
Q

Suggest how amd affect vision

A

Blindness
Loss of detail

Biology Ol Edexcel (19 decks)

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