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Biology Ol Edexcel > Inheritance > Flashcards

Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by genome

A

Whole dna inside organism

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2
Q

Gene

A

Specific length that’s codes for ones protien

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3
Q

What is meant by alleles

A

Different forms of one gene

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4
Q

Domiant alleles

A

Alleles that apear on phenotypes

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5
Q

What is meant by recessive allele

A

Doesn’t appear in phenotype if domaint is present

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6
Q

What is mean by phenotypes

A

Outer appearance of organism

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7
Q

What is meant genotypes

A

Allele inside an organism

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8
Q

What is meant by homozygote

A

Have 2 same allele

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9
Q

What is meant by heterozygous

A

Mixture of dominated and recessive alleles

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10
Q

What is meant by chromosome

A

Structure in nucleus made of dna and protien

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11
Q

What is meant by monohybrid inheritance

A

When a phenotype or trait is controlled by single gene

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12
Q

What is meant by codominace

A

Is a case when neither of the two alleles is dominant over the other

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13
Q

Possible genotypes for blood group a

A

A A or A O

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14
Q

Possible genotypes for blood group B

A

B B or B O

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15
Q

Possible genotypes for blood group AB

A

A B

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16
Q

Possible genotypes for blood group O

A

O O

17
Q

Number of chromosomes in a human in each somatic cell?

A

46 chromosomes

18
Q

Diploid

A

Cell or nucleus that has 2 sets of chromosome

19
Q

Hapoloid defintion

A

Cell or nucleus that has 1 set of chromosome (half number)

20
Q

Examples of diploid cell

A

Liver cell,muscle cell ,plaside cell

21
Q

Example of codominace?

A

Inheritance of blood group

22
Q

What is the function by a family pedigree?

A

Used to trace the pattern of inheritance of specific characteristic through generations of a family

23
Q

Name the DNA and describe it

A

It’s deoxyribonucleic acid and its a molecule made of 2 strands coiled to form a double helix

24
Q

Nucleotide of DNA made of what?

A

Made of 5 carbon sugar, phospate group and nitrogenous base

25
Q

Mention the nitrogenous bases of DNA

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

26
Q

In DNA how 2 strands are held together?

A

Held by base pairing

27
Q

Say which nitrogenuous bases pair together at DNA

A

Adenine pair with thymine,cytosine pair with guanine

28
Q

Compare between RNA and DNA

A

RNA made of single strand of nucleotides but DNA is double stranded ,RNA is ribonucliec acid but DNA is deoxyribonuclec acidp

29
Q

RNA nucleotides made of what?

A

Made of ribose sugar,phosphate group,nitrogenous base

30
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA

A

Adenine,uracil,cytosine,guanine

31
Q

Function of RNA

A

It takes information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes for the synthesises of protien

32
Q

2 types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA mRNA
Transfer RNA tRNA

33
Q

Function of mRNA?

A

Form a copy from the DNA code

34
Q

What is meant by transfer RNA

A

Carries amino acid to the ribosomes to form the protien

35
Q

What are the 2 stages of protien synthesis

A

Transcription
Translation

36
Q

Describe the process of transcription

A

.Takes place at nucleus
.Part of DNA double helix unwind and expose the bases along the strand
.The sequence of bases of DNA is copied to mRNA molecule
.The mRNA leaves the DNA and passes out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm

37
Q

Describe process of translation

A

.Translation takes place at the ribosomes
.coded consist of sets of 3 bases in mRNA
.mRNA attach to the ribosome
.tRNA molecule with anticodon complementary to the codon on mRNA molecule carry its specific ammino.acid to ribosome
.another tRNA bring along a second ammino acid
.ammino acid bind together and process continues adding ammino acid to growing chain form polypeptide chain

38
Q

What are the 3 bases in mRNA call (triplets)?

A

Codon

Biology Ol Edexcel (19 decks)

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