Coovadia : Chapter 2 ( Growth And Dev)

Question 1

Early vs late neonatal period times

Answer 1

Neonatal period is first month of life
- early is first week of life
- late is from first week till 1 month

Question 2

Infant, Young child, toddler, school ages

Answer 2

Infant is the first year of life
Toddler is 1-2 years
Young child is 2-5 years
School age is 5-12

Question 3

Growth vs development definitions

Answer 3

Growth is the increase in size, composition and distribution of tissues

Development is the increase in complexity of a tissue or organ

Question 4

Milestone, chronological vs corrected age definition

Answer 4

Milestone is a specified age at which a specified task can be performed

Chronological age is the time from birth till present

Corrected gestational age is the period from 40 weeks till current. Minusing the premature period from the age of the child.

Question 5

Gaussian curve

Answer 5

Is the curve that represents majority of children that fall within the normality range with 3-5% below and 3-5% above ( delayed or advanced for age ).

Question 6

TORCH infections

Answer 6

Are a group of intrauterine infections that can cause cataracts , calcification of the brain and heart defects. Toxoplasmosis, O , Rubella, CMV, HIV + syphilis

Question 7

Placental insufficiency

Answer 7

Is a condition where the placenta cannot meet the needs of the developing fetus ie, not enough food, oxygen and removal of waste is occurring.

If it occurs in late gestation the child will be born as LBW infant and will have a satisfactory catch-up growth in the first month of life

Question 8

When do long bones fuse? ( period )

Answer 8

Fuses at puberty

Question 9

How does cultural factors affect (Growth and Development )?

Answer 9

Certain cultures practice swaddling which affects gross motor development in a child ( delays ). The way in which a child is carried

Question 10

Alarm bells of concern should ring at what two z-scores

Answer 10

-2 and +2

Question 11

5 primitive new born reflexes

Answer 11

Moro
Grasping
Stepping
Sucking
Rooting

Question 12

Primitive reflex’s disappear before voluntary moments TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 12

True. In order for the voluntary movement ( eg holding a pen to write in fine motor ) the primitive reflex must disappear ( grasping reflex ) to now allow control of muscles

Same with stepping reflex and child standing / walking

Question 13

When does grasping disappear?

Answer 13

3-5 months

Question 14

Language vs communication definition

Answer 14

Language is the ability to speak and have a conversation or verbally ask for things and communicate. It’s a form of communication

Communication is the ability to express yourself using movements, speech or action

Question 15

6 gross motor milestone ranges

Answer 15

Sitting with support ( 6 months )
Standing with support ( 7 months )
Crawling ( 9 months )
Walking with assistance ( 10 months )
Stands alone ( 11 months )
Bear walks ( 12 months )