COPD

Question 1

Epidemiology

Answer 1

Umbrella term for airway obstruction and respiratory problems. Cussed by alveoli inflammation and obstruction

Question 2

Symptoms

Answer 2

Dyspnoea, productive/ unproductive cough, chest tightness, sputum production, lower RTI

Question 3

Investigations

Answer 3

Spirometry <0.7
Dyspnoea scale
FBC
BMI
Chest radiology

Question 4

Treatment summary

Answer 4

SABA - salbutamol
SAMA - Ipratropium
LABA + LAMA - spiolto respiratory or anoro ellipta
LABA +ICS - fostair nexthaler, symbicort turbohaler
LAMA + LABA + ICS - trimbow, trelegy ellipta

Question 5

When should short term oxygen be given

Answer 5

For episodes of breathlessness not relieved by other meds

Question 6

When should long term oxygen therapy be given

Answer 6

PaO2 <7.3 and those who don’t smoke (15 hours minimum)
PaO2 7.3-8 when stable but with secondary condition (oedema, PAH)

Question 7

How are patients assessed for long term oxygen therapy

Answer 7

FEV1 < 30%
Peripheral oedema
Oxygen saturation 92%

Question 8

Equipment needed for oxygen therapy

Answer 8

Cylinders provided by NHS
Flow meter with high and medium settings
Nasal cannula and concentrators for people in long term oxygen

Question 9

Define respiratory failure

Answer 9

Ineffective gas exchange
PaO2 lower than 60mmHg

Question 10

What are the 2 types of respiratory failure

Answer 10

1- hypoxaemia with normal CO2, pneumonia or pulmonary embolism
2 x hypoxaemia with high CO2, COPD