COPD Flashcards
(36 cards)
define COPD
COPD is an umbrella term for 2 conditions: chronic bronchitis (chronic inflammation of the bronchioles that is filled with thick mucus) and emphysema (damage to the alveolar pockets and membrane)
What is a COPD exacerbation?
a “flair up” that causes a decline in respiratory function
What are the risk factors for COPD?
smoking, biomass fuel heating, childhood asthma and diseases
Why is COPD the only chronic disease in which mortality is still increasing?
-aging population and cumulative exposure to COPD risk factors– tobacco smoke, biomass fuel heating (in non-ventilated area), asthma, childhood respiratory disease
-better at treating other diseases when COPD effects appear later in life
What is the pathophysiology of COPD?
-COPD is an umbrella term for chronic bronchitis and emphysema
-airflow obstruction
-hypersecretion of mucus
-inflammation
-parenchymal changes
-pulmonary vascular thickening
What does rhonchi indicate?
excess/thickened mucus in the lungs
What does wheezing indicate?
airflow obstructed by bronchi being too constricted
Describe the pathway to the diagnosis of COPD
Symptoms:
-SOB
-chronic cough
-sputum
Risk factors:
-host factors
-tobacco
-
What is the diagnostic test done for COPD?
spirometry
-results that support COPD are <0.7
Explain the formula FEV1/FVC<0.7
this is the formula that indicates the pt has COPD
What is the scale for dyspnea?
MMRC: grades the disability of dyspnea based on ability to walk/exercise on a level plane, uphill, etc.
Explain the COPD assessment test (CAT)
-measures the impact of COPD on a patient’s health status
-when changing medications, we want a change of at least 2 points
-score range of 0-40 with 40 being having a great affect on their day-to-day life
-not a tool for symptom assessment
What is the BODE index?
a diagnostic tool used to prognosticate survival using 4 categories: BMI, dyspnea, walking test, obstruction
What is an acute exacerbation of COPD?
a sudden “flair up” of COPD that causes a decline in respiratory function
What is a moderate acute exacerbation of COPD?
requires the use of antibiotics or systemic corticosteroids
What is a severe acute exacerbation of COPD?
requires a trip to the ER/hospital admission
Define low-risk of exacerbation
1 or less moderate exacerbations of COPD within the last year
Define high-risk of exacerbation
2 or more moderate exacerbations or 1 or more severe exacerbation within the last year
What does the suffix “-ium” indicate?
LAMA– long acting muscarinic antagonist
-a once daily inhaler
-Tiotropium, Spiriva
EXCEPT!! Ipratropium which is a SAMA
What does the suffix “-erol” indicate?
LABA– long acting beta2 agonist
-Formoterol, Salmeterol, Indacaterol
What does the suffix “-one” indicate?
Corticosteroid
What does the suffix “-ol” indicate?
SABA– short acting beta2 agonist
-Salbutamol, Albuterol, Ventolin
-rescue inhaler
-rapid onset of 1-5 min
What is Trelegy?
-a LAMA, LABA, ICS combo drug
-only one in Canada that is a combo of the 3
-for patients who are not adequately treated with dual therapy, taken once daily
What is used to prevent AECOPD?
Mucomyst and Daxas