COPD and Restrictive lung disease Flashcards

Question

What are treatments for CF?

Answer 1

``` Inhaled meds: bronchodilators, mucolytics, antibiotics Exercise Nutrition Lung transplant Drug therapies ```

Answer 2

Kalydeco: oral pill taken twice a day for kids >6 with G551D mutation, helps improve lung function, lowers sweat chloride levels, helps patients gain weight, allows cell to produce protein that enables movement of chloride through cell membrane Orkambi: delta 508 drug, used in kids >12, helps correct misfolded CFTR protein, treats root cause of CF instead of treating symtpoms

Answer 3

``` SOA, DOE for all Hypoxia for emphysema Hypercarbia for CB Dry cough for emphysema Productive cough for CB Fatigue Weight loss Anorexia Cough Syncope Peripheral edema Depression Anxiety ```

Answer 4

Evaluate exercise endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and body comp Assess and reassese exercise prescription Goals for increasing flex, strength, endurance Educate energy conservation Body mechanics to reduce O2 requirement Breathing techniques such as pursed lip and diaphragmatic (decreases RR, VE) Observe for dyspnea Oxygen sat levels Focus on ADLs

Answer 5

Empysema patients can benefit from low flow oxygen | DO NOT give CB patients oxygen because their drive to breathe is gone completely

Answer 6

Obstructive: trouble getting air out, pursed lip helps prevent air trapping, decreased flow rates and hypercapnia, radiographically identified by hyperinflation Restrictive: trouble getting air in, hypoxia, reduced lung volumes with normal flow rates, radiographically identified by diffuse bilateral persistent interstitial densities

Answer 7

Devastating and progressive disease: lung tissue becomes thickened, stiff, and scarred. Causes range from autoimmune diseases to occupation exposures, or idopathic Seen in people over age 65 Men account for 70% of patients Survival is 2-3 years after diagnosis

Answer 8

``` Sarcoidosis lupus Rheumatoid disease Scleroderma IPF ```

Answer 9

Systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology Most common in blacks, 20-30, F>M Chest Xray will show: fibrosis, alveolitis, scarring, honeycombing

Answer 10

``` Specific organ dysfunction (cough and dyspnea) Generalized weakness Fatigue Weight loss Malaise Fever ``` Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs

Answer 11

Systemic autoimmune disease with varied clinical manifestations. Most common in women of child bearing age. Chronic, with remission and exacerbations 70% of cases involve lungs and progress to pulm fib Treatment: corticosteroids, prevention and treatment of pulmonary S&S

Answer 12

Systemic disease with pleuro-pulmonary manifestations. Unknown cause F>M, but men have more pulmonary involvement Treat signs and symptoms

Answer 13

Primarily involves blood vessels and connective tissues resulting in fibrosis of organs. F>M Autoimmune problem so no satisfactory treatment Progressive, with poor prognosis Death due to pulmonary involvement

Answer 14

``` Chronic lung disease of unknown cause Chronic, slow, progressive dyspnea Chronic inflammation and fibrosis Middle age, M>F Treatment: no known effective treatment, use corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, supportive and treat signs and symptoms 50% live 5 more years at time of dx ```

Answer 15

pathologic condition of respiratory tract that result directly from inhalation of gas or particulate matter in the air

Answer 16

Infectious agents Organic dusts Inorganic dusts: pneumoconiosis Gases

Answer 17

Disease caused by inhalation of inorganic dust Silicosis: from silica Asbestosis: from silicates CWP: carbon Diagnosis based on exposure history, duration, intensity No effective treatment Treat signs and symptoms

Answer 18

gases: ammonia, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, phosgene May cause hyperemia, edema, epithelial injury, mucosal sloughing, coughing, dyspnea, cyanosis Management is supportive and symptomatic If significant exposure: pulmonary fibrosis by result

Answer 19

``` Kyphosis: posterior curve Scoliosis: lateral curve Kyphoscoliosis: post and lat Lordosis: sway back Pectus excavatum: funnel Pectus carinatum: pigeon ```

Answer 20

Cause: congenital, traumatic, paralytic, infectious agents F>M children asymptomatic adults 4/5th decade: CP embarrassment Dyspnea, frequent pneumonia, respiratory insufficiency, hypoxia, hypercapnia, cardiac failure risks

Answer 21

Myastenia gravis ALS guillan barre quadraplegia

Answer 22

Autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular junction Descending muscular weakness and fatigue May involve respiratory muscles F>M Tx= anticholinesterase drugs and steroids Watch NIF and VC for changing condition

Answer 23

Acute from of inflammatory polyneuritis of unknown cause. Effects peripheral nerves, ascending paralysis for 1-3 weeks, recovery in 2-4 weeks Tx= plasmapheresis, immunoglobulin therapy Watch NIC and VC from changing condition

Answer 24

``` C3-C5= diaphragm C5-C6= scalenes T1-T11= intercostals T8-T12= abdominals ```

Answer 25

Acute inflammatory process that effects the gas exchange units of the lung. In response to inflammation, fluid and RBC pour into alveoli. PMN's also move into infected area to engulf and kill bacteria. Macrophages appear to remove cellular debris

Answer 26

Alveoli become filled with fluid

Answer 27

onset: gradual or abrupt Manifestations: general malaise, chills, fever, cough, chest pain, dyspnea Complications: adjacent pleural lining may get involved and lead to pleural effusion

Answer 28

treatment: brought under control spontaneously or by antimicrobial therapy, resolution of inflammation and healing take place Prognosis: With no necrosis: resolution without sequelae is expected. With destructive changes, fibrous scar tissue develops and there may be measurable loss of lung function

Answer 29

Difficult to exercise. Endurance may be limited by chronic disease. Supplemental O2 may improve exercise tolerance: no more than 6 lpm nasal cannula

COPD and Restrictive lung disease Flashcards

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