COPD drugs Flashcards
(24 cards)
List the risk factors for COPD
Age, asthma pollution. smoking, chemical exposure, AAT deficiency, chronic bronchitis.
is muscarinic receptor antagonist important for bronchodilation?
yes, as parasympathetic nervous system vagal nerve broncho constriction and mucus secretion contribute to COPD
What is GOLD
Global initiative for COPD
What is the class for Ipratropium bromide?
SAMA short acting muscarinic antagonist
onset 5-30 mins
6-8 hours
What is the class for salbutamol
SABA short acting beta2 agonist
Name some examples of LAMA
Glycopyronnium bromide and tiotropium bromide
onset 30 mins.
24 hours
Name some examples of LABA
Formoterol and Indacaterol
MOA of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist - Bronchodilators
Inhibit M3 receptor mediated bronchoconstrictions
reverses vagal nerve mediated bronchospasm and mucus secretion
Indication of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist- Ipratropium bromide and Tiotropium bromide.
First line for COPD bronchodilation ( especially GOLD C and D)
Adverse effects of Bronchodilators- muscarinic receptor antagonists
- unpleasant taste
- dry mouth
urinary retention for elderly
limited systemic side effects in view of inhalation route.
MOA of salbutamol SABA
B2 adrenoceptor activation mediated bronchodilation
increase in mucociliary clearance.
Indication of SABA, LABA
usually 2nd in line for bronchodilation( more for GOLD A and B)
Combine with LABA with glucocorticoid prolongs effectiveness
often combined with SAMA, SABA or triple inhaler ( LAMA, LABA, glucocorticoid)
Adverse effect of SABA, LABA
salbutamol
tremor, muscle cramps ( most common)
Peripheral vasodilation
palpitations and tachycardia ( for those nonselective)
Hypokalaemia and hyperglycaemia
Beta 2 adrenoceptor tolerance. * caution for those COPD with asthma patients.
pharm class of theophylline
Methylxanthine
Indication of theophylline- methylxanthine
For more severe cases of COPD
Adverse effects of theophylline
Narrow therapeutic window ( 5-20mg/L)
many drug to drug interactions( caution)
GI: nausea vomiting abdominal discomfort, seizure
CNS: nervousness, tremor, anxiety, insomnia, seizures.
cardio: arrhyhtmias
What is the pharmacological class of roflumilast?
Phosphodiesterase -4 inhibitor (PDE -4 inhibitor)
uses and efficacy of roflumilast (PDE-4 inhibitor)
reduce episodes of exacerbation
slows progression of fibrosis
Adverse effects of PDE-4 inhibitor roflumilast
Headaches dizziness insomnia
Weight loss, diarrhoea, nausea, decreased appetite
rare: anxiety depression and suicisdal
CAUTION: hepatic impairment
What is Azithromycin
it is an antibiotic, antifibrotic and a smooth muscle relaxant
MOA of azithromycin
Macrolide antibiotic prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.
Antifibrotic and airway smooth muscle relaxant through mechanisms that are not completely understood. w
Uses and efficacy of azithromycin
Antifibrotic and airway smooth muscle effects reduce risk of exacerbations
prevention and treatment of exacerbations due to bacterial infections
Adverse effects of azithromycin
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
cardiac arrhythmia
Contraindications for azithromycin
CHolestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction
