coping 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
increased HR, BP, PV,
metabolism,
water retention
glucose
dilated pupils, dilated bronchi mental alertness
alarm reaction
flight or flight response
body attempts to adapt to stressor
vital signs, hormone levels and energy production return to normal
body regains homeostasis or adaptive mechanisms fail
Neuroendocrine activity returns to normal
stage of resistance
results when adaptive mechanisms are exhausted
body either rests and mobilizes its defenses to return to normal or dies
Vasodilation
⬇️ BP
⬆️ pulse and respirations
Panic crisis
stage of exhaustion
a person tries to give a logical or socially acceptable explanation for questionable behavior
rationalization
refuses to acknowledge the presence of a condition that is disturbing
denial
refers to a person transferring an emotional reaction form one person to another
displacement
occurs when a person develops conscious attitudes or behaviors opposite to what he desires to do
reaction formation
exercise
rest and sleep
nutrition
use of support systems
use of stress management techniques
primary prevention teaching healthy activities of daily living
Coping
relaxation
mindfulness
anticipatory guidance
guided imagery
stress management techniques
primary prevention
provide education and training on stress management, meditation, muscle relaxation, tai chi assertiveness, and conflict resolution
physical space: providing a space for meditation and other relaxation, or a walking route or exercise space for use during work hours
massage therapy
lifestyle: practicing exercise, nutrition, mindfulness, and getting enough sleep
secondary prevention
encourage people to identify negative thoughts and replace them with positive ones.
active interventions
secondary prevention
focus on reducing the consequences of reactions by reducing tension and anxiety
passive interventions
secondary prevention
refers to interventions aimed at managing and minimizing the negative effects of stress once it has already developed in an individual
tertiary prevention of stress
providing treatment and support to help them recover from the impacts of chronic stress, such as through therapy, medical care, or specialized rehabilitation programs; essentially, it focuses on “damage control” once stress has become a significant issue.
tertiary prevention of stress
ANXIOLYTICS
o Valium (diazepam)
o Ativan (lorazapam)
HYPNOTICS
o Xanax (alprazolam)
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
o Prozac (fluoxetine)
o Zoloft (sertraline)
MUSCLE RELAXANTS
o Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine)
o Skelaxin (metaxalone)
pharmacological therapy
Crying, laughing, sleeping, cursing
Physical activity, exercise
Taking a deep breath, mindfulness
exercises
Smoking, drinking
Lack of eye contact, withdrawal
Limiting relationships to those with
similar values and interests
coping mechanisms
Compensation
Denial
Displacement
Dissociation
Introjection
Projection
Rationalization
Reaction formation
Regression
Repression
Sublimation
Undoing
defense mechanisms
Changes in family structure
and roles
Anger and feelings of
helplessness and guilt
Loss of control over normal
routines
Concern for future financial
stability
family stressors
occurs when person progresses
through stages of growth and
development
developmental stress
does not occur in predictable patterns
E.g. illness or traumatic injury,
marriage or divorce, loss, new
job, role change
situational stress
o Most common health disorder in the United States
o Signs
Flashback of trauma
Nightmares
Increased heart rate
Exaggerated startle response
Can be delayed days, months, years
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
PTSD
o Stress is the trigger
o Abdominal discomfort/diarrhea/constipation
IBS
The patient verbalizes the causes and
effects of stress and anxiety.
The patient identifies and uses sources of
support.
The patient uses problem solving to find a
solution to stressors.
The patient practices healthy lifestyle
habits and anxiety-reducing techniques.
The patient verbalizes a decrease in
anxiety and increase in comfort.
evaluating the care plan
Hormone levels rise, body prepares to react to severe stress.
Nervous and endocrine system activated
Parasympathetic system returns body to conservatory stage
Physiological changes during stress
