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Question 1

What are the 4 phases of spermatogenesis?

Answer 1

Spermatogonia produce sperm.

Mitosis: Spermatogonia form spermatocytes [2n].

Meiosis: Spermatocytes form spermatids [n].

Spermiogenesis: Spermatids change into spermatozoa (not spermatocytes).

Spermiation: Sperm are released from Sertoli cells into the seminiferous tubule lumen, making their way to the epididymis.

Question 2

What two hormones regluate spermatogenesis?

Answer 2

Regulated by hormones - FSH and Testosterone.

Question 3

how are primary spermatocytes formed?

Answer 3

Spermatogonia divide several times and differentiate into primary spermatocytes

Question 4

What happens during the first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes?

Answer 4

The first meiotic division produces secondary spermatocytes.

Question 5

What is produced from the second meiotic division?

Answer 5

The second meiotic division results in spermatids, which are haploid (n) cells.

Question 6

What happens during spermiogenesis?

Answer 6

3. Spermiogenesis → change of round spermatids into spermatozoa. Involves the following events:
   spermatid condensation of nuclear material,
   formation of the acrosome,
   repositioning of the spermatid to allow formation and elongation of tail structures,
   mitochondrial spiral formation, and
   removal of extraneous cytoplasm.

Question 7

What are the 4 structural components of the spermatozoa and what does each component contain?

Answer 7

Head: nucleus of the sperm which includes the genetic information.

Acrosome: has enzymes - hyaluronidase and acrosin [a protease]. They digest the cumulus cells and enter zona pellucida of oocyte. Enzymes are released when the sperm contacts the ovum.

Tail: Sperm mobility

Mid-piece: spiral mitochondria provides energy for flagella motility.

Question 8

What are the two enzymes in the acrosome?

Answer 8

hyaluronidase and acrosin