copy 4 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is the minimum pH level for normal semen?
Greater than 7.2.
What is the minimum total sperm number per ejaculate for normal semen?
40 million sperm or more.
What percentage of normal forms is required for normal sperm morphology?
Greater than 4 percent.
What is the minimum vitality percentage for live sperm?
Greater than 58%.
What is the minimum percentage required for progressive motility of sperm?
Greater than 40%.
What is the norm for sperm agglutination in a normal semen analysis?
No sperm agglutination.
What is the maximum viscosity for normal semen after liquefaction?
Less than 2 cm.
What gas helps with inducing erection in males?
Nitric oxide (NO), from the nerve terminals of the corpora cavernosa.
What signaling mechansim does NO use?
NO activates guanyl cyclase → cGMP, lowering intracellular Ca++ causing smooth muscle relaxation.
How does viagra work?
Sildenafil [Viagra] inhibits PDE5 [phosphodiesterase] → ↑cGMP allowing a sustained erection.
What is emission and what are the nerves that control it?
It is: Movement of the sperm and associated fluids from the cauda epididymis and vas deferens into the urethra.
Nerves: adrenergic sympathetic (hypogastric) nerve stimuli from T11 - L2
What nerve is responsible for ejaculation?
pudendal nerve
What nerves are responsible for erection?
pelvic splanchnic nerves, S2-S4
