Copy of 2 Sensory Perception

Question 1

What is synesthesia?

Answer 1

Synesthesia is a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway.

Question 2

What is ideasthesia?

Answer 2

Ideasthesia is when letters and numbers evoke colors.

Question 3

What are general senses?

Answer 3

General senses are receptors found throughout the body, including joints and organs.

Question 4

What are special senses?

Answer 4

Special senses are specialized receptors found in the head (eyes, ears, mouth).

Question 5

What is sensation?

Answer 5

Sensation is the feeling that occurs when the brain interprets a sensory nerve impulse.

Question 6

What is projection in sensory perception?

Answer 6

Projection is when the brain causes a feeling to stem from a source.

Question 7

What is sensory adaptation?

Answer 7

Sensory adaptation is when sensory receptors stop sending signals when they are repeatedly stimulated.

Question 8

What is sensory deprivation?

Answer 8

Sensory deprivation is a technique designed to deliberately reduce or completely remove stimuli from one or all of the senses.

Question 9

Where are receptor cells activated?

Answer 9

Receptor cells in the peripheral nervous system are activated by stimuli in the environment.

Question 10

How can receptor cells be classified?

Answer 10

Receptor cells can be classified based on cell type, position, and function.

Question 11

What are free nerve endings?

Answer 11

Free nerve endings are dendrites embedded in tissue that respond to pain and temperature.

Question 12

What are encapsulated receptors?

Answer 12

Encapsulated receptors are embedded in connective tissue to increase sensitivity to pressure and touch.

Question 13

What are specialized receptors?

Answer 13

Specialized receptors are found in the retina of the eye.

Question 14

What are exteroceptors?

Answer 14

Exteroceptors are located near the external environment, such as the skin.

Question 15

What are interoceptors?

Answer 15

Interoceptors interpret stimuli from internal organs.

Question 16

What are proprioceptors?

Answer 16

Proprioceptors are located near moving body parts and interpret position.

Question 17

What is a chemoreceptor?

Answer 17

Chemoreceptors respond to chemicals and are mostly found in the nose and mouth.

Question 18

What is an osmoreceptor?

Answer 18

Osmoreceptors respond to solutes in body fluids.

Question 19

What is a thermoreceptor?

Answer 19

Thermoreceptors respond to temperature.

Question 20

What is a mechanoreceptor?

Answer 20

Mechanoreceptors respond to pressure, vibration, and body position.

Question 21

What is a nociceptor?

Answer 21

Nociceptors respond to pain, activated by chemicals released when tissue is damaged.

Question 22

What is visceral pain?

Answer 22

Visceral pain occurs in visceral tissues such as the heart, lungs, and intestine.

Question 23

What is referred pain?

Answer 23

Referred pain feels as though it is coming from a different part of the body, such as heart pain felt in the arm or shoulder.

Question 24

What is acute pain?

Answer 24

Acute pain originates from the skin and usually stops when the stimulus stops.

Question 25

What is chronic pain?

Answer 25

Chronic pain is a dull aching sensation that persists over time.

Question 26

How can you measure pain in babies and young children?

Answer 26

The FLACC scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is used to measure pain in babies and young children.

Question 27

What is the process of how opioids work to block pain?

Answer 27

1. Nerve sends signal 2. Opioids slow/block signal 3. Limbic system and reward pathway are stimulated.

Question 28

What are the special senses?

Answer 28

The special senses include olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), hearing & equilibrium, and sight.

Question 29

What is the pathway for the sense of smell?

Answer 29

Odor --> Receptor Cell --> Olfactory bulb --> Olfactory Tract --> Limbic System.

Question 30

Why do smells trigger memories?

Answer 30

Smells trigger memories because they are closely linked to the limbic system.

Question 31

What are taste sensations?

Answer 31

The taste sensations include sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and savory (umami).

Question 32

What is umami?

Answer 32

Umami is a savory taste and one of the five basic tastes, often described as a pleasant savory taste.

Question 33

How does genetics affect taste?

Answer 33

Genetics may play a role in whether you like certain foods, such as whether cilantro tastes like soap to you.

Question 34

What are the parts of the external ear?

Answer 34

The external ear includes the auricle (pinna) and the auditory canal.

Question 35

What is the function of the auditory ossicles?

Answer 35

The auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) transmit vibrations and amplify the signal.

Question 36

What is the role of the cochlea?

Answer 36

The cochlea is snail-shaped and is responsible for sensing hearing.

Question 37

What are the steps in hearing?

Answer 37

1. Sound waves enter external auditory canal 2. Eardrum vibrates 3. Auditory ossicles amplify vibrations 4. Stapes hits oval window 5. Organs of Corti contain receptor cells 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex interprets impulses 8. Round window dissipates vibrations.

Question 38

What causes hearing loss?

Answer 38

Loud noises can damage hair cells in the cochlea, leading to hearing loss, especially as one ages.

Question 39

What is a cochlear implant?

Answer 39

A cochlear implant receives sound from the environment, processes it, and sends small electric currents near the auditory nerve.

Question 40

What is static equilibrium?

Answer 40

Static equilibrium maintains stability and posture.

Question 41

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 41

Dynamic equilibrium is balance during sudden movement.

Question 42

What is the role of the cerebellum in equilibrium?

Answer 42

The cerebellum interprets impulses from the semicircular canals and maintains overall balance.

Question 43

What is an otolaryngologist?

Answer 43

Otolaryngologists are physicians trained in the medical and surgical management of diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat, and related structures.

Question 44

What are some disorders of sensory systems?

Answer 44

Disorders include synesthesia, anosmia, tinnitus, anhidrosis, and congenital analgesia.

Question 45

What is congenital analgesia?

Answer 45

Congenital analgesia is a condition where mutations prevent pain receptors from sending signals to the brain.

Question 46

What is hereditary (congenital) deafness?

Answer 46

Hereditary deafness occurs in 1 of every 1000 to 2000 newborns and can be syndromic or non-syndromic.

Question 47

What is presbycusis?

Answer 47

Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss, affecting hearing sensitivity and comprehension.

Question 48

What careers are related to hearing?

Answer 48

Careers include audiologist, speech-language pathologist, sign language interpreter, and teacher for the deaf and hearing impaired.