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Aquatics > Coral Reef Exam Review > Flashcards

Coral Reef Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What type of organisms make up coral reefs?

A

Polyps

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2
Q

What percentage of the ocean floor do coral reefs make up

A

Less than 1%

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3
Q

What temperature range do coral reefs generally thrive in?

A

73 to 84 °F

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4
Q

What is the name of the symbiotic algae that helps feed the coral and gives coral its color?

A

Zooxanthellae

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5
Q

Why are coral reefs important for millions of people throughout the world?

A

Provide food, research, jobs, and protection

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6
Q

Diseases that coral reefs have provided the medical compounds that developed life saving medicines for.

A

Cancer, HIV, malaria

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7
Q

What percentage have coral reefs declined over the last 30 years?

A

40-50%

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8
Q

Conditions that cause stress to coral

A

Changes in temperature, light, nutrients

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9
Q

How do coral respond to stress?

A

Expel Zooxanthellae (bleaching)

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10
Q

What is the main type of competitor to coral and thrives in conditions where coral struggles to survive?

A

Turf algae

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11
Q

What happens to coral if they expel their zooxanthellae?

A

Harder to survive, die

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12
Q

Coral belongs to what kingdom

A

Animalia

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13
Q

Coral belong to what phylum

A

Cnidaria

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14
Q

Coral are in the same phylum as their cousins…

A

Jelly fish and sea anemone

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15
Q

What do coral, jellyfish, and sea anemones have in common?

A

soft bodied and stinging tentacles

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16
Q

What herbivorous fish help coral by feeding on fast growing algae?

A

Parrotfish

17
Q

Indirect threats to coral reefs

A

climate change, rising sea level, changing storm patterns, changes in precipitation, altered ocean currents

18
Q

How much heat does the ocean absorb from the planet due to the increase in carbon dioxide levels?

A

over 90%

19
Q

direct threats to coral reefs

A

pollution, overfishing, careless recreation

20
Q

What percentage of global fish markets have been overfished?

A

90%

21
Q

Nutrients that pollute the ocean

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus

22
Q

What sources cause nutrient pollution

A

sewage and agricultural runoff

23
Q

What condition does excess algal growth from nutrients lead to in the ocean?

A

eutrophication and dead zones

24
Q

examples of chemical pollution

A

oil spills, pesticides, medical waste, sunscreen, dispersants

25
Q

define and describe sedimentation

A

when sediments like soil, silt, and sand enter the ocean causing water to become murky

26
Q

harmful conditions caused by coastal development

A

dredging, pollution, deforestation of mangroves, runoff

27
Q

3 threats to coral reefs that goal 14 attempts to address

A

ocean acidification, pollution, overfishing

28
Q

Since 2015, what percentage of marine environments have been declared as a marine protected environment?

A

16%

29
Q

The marine protected act has benefited reefs by what actions?

A

Increasing fish population, safe space for the development of marine species

30
Q

What actions have fishing businesses and industries taken to help protect marine resources?

A

increased efficiency, less bycatch, traceability of products

31
Q

How have universities attempted to help protect coral reefs?

A

Coral restoration, more resilient genotypes, research on how corals mature and reproduce

32
Q

What people can do to protect coral reefs

A

reduce reuse recycle

33
Q

One of the easiest ways to become an ocean advocate

A

post it on social media

34
Q

How tourists can promote responsible tourism while on vacation by the ocean

A

avoid harming coral reefs, good buoyancy control, using providers with good track records, only buy sustainable souvineers

35
Q

What percentage of marine life live on coral reefs?

A

25%

36
Q

Approximately how many different types of coral exist today

A

over 800 species

37
Q

What are the exoskeletons of coral made out of?

A

calcium carbonate

Aquatics (3 decks)

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