Cornell Notes 15 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What in life requires energy?
Everything requires energy.
Define digestion
Digestion: the process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.
Define nutrients and what are they used for
Nutrients = the substances in food that provide the raw materials the body cells need to carry out all of their essential processes.
- Some nutrients (glucose) are broken down and used to make energy (cellular respiration).
- Others are used to repair damaged cells or help you grow
What is the purpose of digestion?
Purpose of digestion is absorption of 6 important nutrients you get from food:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats (lipids)
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Define and describe the structure and functions of carbohydrates.
- Carbohydrates= Energy rich organic compounds such as sugar (simple) or starches (complex).
- Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Can be broken down quickly to give the body energy
- Energy measured in calories- the more calories a food has, the more energy it can give you
What are calories?
Energy measured in calories- the more calories a food has, the more energy it can give you
What are proteins made of, what is their function, and what are examples?
Proteins= growth and repair.
- Made up of amino acids.
- Examples: Beans, beef, chicken, eggs, fish, nuts
What is the function of fat?
Fats (Lipids)= Concentrated energy source that can be used as long term energy storage.
Name and describe the two main types of fat
Two types: saturated and unsaturated
- Saturated Fats: usually come from animal products and are solid at room temperature. - - - - They are linked to heart disease and other illnesses.
- Unsaturated Fats: Usually come from plants and are liquid at room temperature (such as oil).
Describe the function of vitamins
Vitamins= Nutrients that help your body with chemical reactions.
What things do vitamins NOT provide the body with?
Do NOT provide your body with energy or building materials.
How do you get vitamins?
Your body can make small amounts of some vitamins (D and K), but most have to be consumed when you eat.
Name and describe the two types of vitamins.
Either fat soluble or water soluble (where they are stored/ can dissolve in the body).
Describe the functions of minerals
Minerals= Nutrients not made by the body, but are needed to carry out chemical processes.
Examples: Calcium to keep your bones strong, and iron in your blood to help transport oxygen molecules.
What are iron and calcium used for and where can you find them
Calcium to keep your bones strong, and iron in your blood to help transport oxygen molecules.
What is considered the most important nutrient?
water
Why is water important for the body?
Water= Needed for all chemical reactions and body functions.
Most important nutrient: the body can survive a few weeks without food, but only a few days without water.
