coronary heart disease Flashcards
what is coronary heart disease
Atherscrelosis of coronary arteries
what happens to people with coronary heart disease
stable accumulation of flow resistriction
Angina → 70% of the diameter of vessel needs to be obstructed to cause pain
what brings on prevalence of coronary heart disease
elderly, men, deprived areas, smokers
describe the Pathophysiology of coronary heart disease
Formation of atherosclerotic plaque, rupture leads to total or partial occlusion of coronary artery
→ can lead to cardiac arrest
what are the signs of coronary heart disease
- type 2 MI
- sudden death
- angina
- cardiogenic shock
describe type 2 MI
troponin release during another illness, not thrombosis, older females likely to get
- Secondary cause, not due to thombris in coronary artery
- Shows as abnormal ECG and symptoms of MI
- People who get Type 2 MI are more likely to be female and older than Type
- Higher mortality rate in Type 2 MI due to older age
Sudden death:
2/3rd of sudden death is first manifestation
angina
chest pain - during exertion
Cardiogenic shock:
inadequate systemic perfusion due to cardiac disfunction
- Makes MI worse as sympathetic nervous system increases O2 demand
symptoms of coronary heart disease
Severe crushing central chest pain at rest
- Dull, visceral pain
Diagnosis is angina if
pain is ONLY during exertion
- Exaberated with exercise
- Relief within 5 minutes of rest
- Doesn’t occur at rest
- Radiates to arms, jaw, neck, back
what investigations would you do for coronary heart disease
- risk stratification test
- exercise testing
- perfusion imaging
- CT Angiography
- angiography
what is the management of coronary heart disease
- Drugs: Antiplatlets (asprin), Beta blockers (bisoprolol), ACEi (lisinopril), Statins (Simvastatin)
- Lifestyle: smoking cessation, healthy diet
- Revascularisation: CABG
