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Anatomy Semester 2 > Coronary Vessels > Flashcards

Coronary Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

label A-G

A 
A = right coronary 
B = right marginal 
C = circumflex
D = left marginal 
E = anterior interventricular/left anterior descending (LAD)
F = left coronary 
G = posterior descending/posterior interventricular
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2
Q

the coronary arteries are the 1st branches to arise form what?

A

the ascending aorta

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3
Q

what 6 things does the aortic valve consist of?

A
  • left, right and posterior cusps

- left, right and posterior sinuses

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4
Q

label the aortic valve A - H

A 
A = infundibulum
B = pulmonary valve 
C = aortic valve
D = right coronary artery 
E = left coronary artery
F = left cusp 
G = right cusp 
H = posterior/non coronary cusp
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5
Q

do coronary arteries fill in systole or diastole?

A

diastole

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6
Q

what happens to the coronary vessels in systole?

A

the ostia of the coronary vessels are covered by the cusps of the valve (as the valve is open) so blood cannot enter

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7
Q

what happens to the coronary vessels in diastole?

A

the ostia are exposed as the cusps are filled with blood so blood can flow into the coronary vessels

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8
Q

where is the right coronary artery located?

A

between the right auricle and ascending aorta

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9
Q

what does the RCA anatomise with?

A

circumflex artery

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10
Q

through what does the RCA pass?

A

anterior coronary groove

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11
Q

what branch does the RCA give off at the inferior border?

A

right marginal artery

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12
Q

what are the 3 branches of the RCA and where?

A
  1. right marginal artery (anterior surface)
  2. sinoatrial branch (anterior surface)
  3. posterior descending (right pulmonary base and surface)
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13
Q

what is the terminal branch of the RCA?

A

posterior interventricular/descending artery

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14
Q

name A and B

A 
A = RCA
B = right marginal artery
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15
Q

name A and C

A 
A = RCA
C = posterior interventricular artery
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16
Q

typically, is the RCA or LCA dominant?

A

RCA

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17
Q

what does the RCA typically supply?

A
  • RA
  • most of RV
  • diaphragmatic surface of LV
  • posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum
  • SA node (60% of population)
  • AV node (80% of population)
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18
Q

what does the LCA typically supply?

A
  • LA
  • most of LV (not diaphragmatic surface)
  • part of RV
  • anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum, inc. the AV bundle
  • SA node (40% of people)
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19
Q

what artery supplies the AV node and where does it arise from (in 80% of people)?

A

AV nodal artery — RCA

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20
Q

what are arterio-arterial anatamoses and what is their role?

A
  • connections between blood vessels

- provide an alternative/back-up route of circulation if one vessel is blocked

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21
Q

what are the 2 coronary anastomoses?

A
  1. RCA with circumflex artery

2. anterior interventricular artery with posterior interventricular artery

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22
Q

where does the LCA arise?

A

from left aortic sinus behind the pulmonary trunk

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23
Q

where is the LCA located?

A

between left auricle and pulmaory trunk

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24
Q

what does the LCA run in?

A

coronary sulcus

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25
Q

what are the 3 branches of the LCA?

A
  • anterior interventricular artery
  • left marginal artery
  • circumflex
26
Q

where does the circumflex artery run?

A

around to underside of the heart in the left atrioventricular groove

27
Q

label A-E, venous drainage of the heart

A 
A = coronary sinus
B = great cardiac vein 
C = middle cardiac vein
D = small cardiac vein 
E = anterior cardiac veins
28
Q

in what does the coronary sinus run?

A

posterior coronary groove

29
Q

what does the coronary sinus empty into?

A

RA

30
Q

what does the great cardiac vein run in and what does it accompany?

A

runs in anterior interventricular groove, accompanies the anterior interventricular artery

31
Q

what does the middle cardiac vein accompany?

A

posterior interventricular artery

32
Q

what does the small cardiac vein accompany?

A

marginal artery

33
Q

what do the middle and small cardiac veins drain into?

A

coronary sinus

34
Q

what do the anterior cardiac veins drain into?

A

directly into RA

35
Q

label A-F of the cardiac conducting system

A 
A = SA node
B = AV node
C = AV bundle/Bundle of His
D = right bundle branch 
E = left bundle branch 
F = Purkinje fibres
36
Q

what electrically isolates the atria from the ventricles?

A

the fibrous skeleton of the heart

37
Q

what forms the bridge through which the electrical signal is conducted between the atria and ventricles?

A

bundle of His (AV bundle)

38
Q

what is the function of the moderator band?

A

equalise the conduction time through right and left ventricles to provide a coordinate contraction

39
Q

what passes through the moderator band?

A

fibres of the right AV bundle

40
Q

what do fibres running in the moderator band lead to?

A

anterior papillary muscles

41
Q

what is the role of ductus arteriosus in foetal circulation?

A

shunts blood away from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

42
Q

what is ductus arteriosus called in adults?

A

ligamentum arteriosus

43
Q

when does the ligamentum arteriosus close?

A

immediately after birth

44
Q

what is it called when the ductus arteriosus fails to close?

A

patent ductus arteriosus

45
Q

what is A?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

46
Q

what is B?

A

fossa ovalis

47
Q

what is the function of foramen ovalis in foetal circulation?

A
  • shunts bloo from the RA to the LA

- bypass the lungs

48
Q

what is ductus venosus function? what is it called in an adult?

A
  • bypass liver
  • shunts 50% blood flow from umbilical vein to IVC.
  • ligamentum venosum
49
Q

what does the umbilical vein do? where does it enter, go, join and drain into?

A
  • carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the foetus.
  • enters via umbilical cord
  • goes into left hepatic portal vein — joins ductus venosus — drains into IVC
50
Q

where does umbilical artery arise from?

A

internal iliac artery

51
Q

what does the umbilical artery become?

A

medial umbilical ligament

52
Q

what does autonomic innervation in the heart regulate?

A
  1. HR
  2. force of each contraction
  3. CO
53
Q

describe the cardiac plexus components

A
  • mixture of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
  • S: sympathetic trunk
  • PS: vagus nerve = CNX
54
Q

explain and describe referred pain

A
  • visceral afferents (sensation) travel through cardiac plexus
  • return to CNS via:
  1. vagal cardiac branches — sense changes in BP and blood chemistry
  2. sympathetic trunk — pain sensation from heart, re-enter T1-T5 region, hence pain can be “referred” to cutaneous regions supplied by the same level
55
Q

what does the left circumflex supply?

A

LA and LV

56
Q

what does the LAD supply?

A

RV, LV, interventricular septum

57
Q

what does the left marginal artery supply?

A

LV

58
Q

what does the right marginal artery supply?

A

RV and apex

59
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply?

A

RA and RV

60
Q

what does the posterior interventricular artery supply?

A

RV, LV and the interventricular septum

Anatomy Semester 2 (10 decks)

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