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Corrections Ex1 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the three stages in the CJ system relevant to this course

A

Police -> Courts -> Corrections. Flow mainly one way, but have feedback loops from Corrections

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2
Q

Corrections & CJ as a whole are influenced by Social, Political, Economic and Legal forces. Describe some examples of each

A

Social - Family decisions & baby boom increased crime in 70s.
Political - Sentence Doubling
Legal - DUI was not real till 80s
Economic - Restorative Justice was implemented for econ reasons.

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3
Q

Penal Philosophies

I.R.I.D.R.R.R.R.

A

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4
Q

Isolation

A

Keeping individual away from society

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5
Q

Retribution

A

Eye for an eye
Does not mean revenge
Doesn’t focus on the future, restores balance the offender upset

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6
Q

Incapacitation

A

Taking away capacity to commit offense again

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7
Q

Deterrence

*general *specific

A

General - Others watching will be deterred by the punishment

Specific - deterrence for that specific individual

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8
Q

Rehabilitation

A

We can salvage anyone - anyone can get better

Needs to be a change in heart, not a change in behavior

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9
Q

Restoration

A

Restoring things to the way they were before the offense
Balanced approach
Rehab is about offender, restoration heals all - community, offender, vic.

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10
Q

Restitution

A

Money or service paid to victim

May restore balance between offender and victim but not necessarily the community

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11
Q

Reintegration

A

Ex offenders are coming back to communities - how do we fit them back in?

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12
Q

These Penal Philosophies lead to ACTION MODELS for dealing w offenders

A

–

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13
Q

Medical Treatment - how do we figure out what the problem is?

A

DRDC-CF

  1. Intake examination
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Treatment
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14
Q

Hard Time

A

generally intended for hardened criminals, little opportunity for successful treatment if sent elsewhere

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15
Q

Community - what’s an example, too?

A

Reintegration is ideal
“alternative sentencing”
Workenders - confinement on weekends to serve sentence

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16
Q

Just Deserts

A

Punishment & Crime should fit each other
No time off for good behavior
Punishment is applied evenly, even when that might not make sense.

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17
Q

Restorative Justice

A

Restore to victim, accountability of offender, and some sense of order brought back to community

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18
Q

VOM

A

victim-offender mediation

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19
Q

PHILOSOPHY -> ACTION MODEL -> SENTENCE

A

–

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20
Q

ERAS

A

–

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21
Q

Wellspring Era (until 1800s)

A

Basis for all subsequent eras. Focused on corporal and capital punishment

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22
Q

Lex Talionis

A

Measured retaliation - punishment should respond to the degree of the crime

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23
Q

Wergild

A

Paid restitution. Only existed in narrow circumstances

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24
Q

What kind of philosophy existed?

A

Isolation

Two families might fight for control, one would be exiled if the lost

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25
The wellspring era gave birth to prisons - what were these originally called, and what were they like?
Gaols - became Workhouses - then Bridewell People were held in Gaols after conviction but before corporal / capital punishment Became workhouses in which people were in "debtors prison"
26
Bridewell House
Originally a leprosy hospital, first prison after lepers moved out Became model based on which others followed Began implementing policies
27
John Howard was captured by the French & spent time in prison. What were his recommendations after he was released?
SAWS 1. Sanitary, Secure structure 2. Abolition of fees - not a place for profit 3. Work completed should serve purpose of reform 4. Systematic inspections should be carried out Howard became a sheriff, and as a result of his efforts the 1779 parlaiment passed the penitentiary act, but was more successful in US
28
Walnut St. Jail
first american prison as we know it today, was opened due to overcrowding
29
Penitentiary Era (1800s-1860s)
Focused on deterrence and incapacitation | Increased use of prisons
30
Pennsylvania System
"seperate and silent" - you'll be in your cell all of the time. If work is to be done, here's the wood. Make a chair in your cell. Easy to go crazy being alone
31
Auburn / New York System
Prisoners came together for work and meals
32
Reformatory Era (1860s - 1900s)
* Emphasis on deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration/reintegration * Points for good behavior * Crofton's ticket of leave - Gradually increased freedom, similar to a parole system
33
Cincinnati Declaration - TWICERS
``` Focuses on reformation, not vindictive suffering Job Training Work Ending Indeterminate Sentencing Collect penal statistics Emphasize Religion and Education Reformation Abolish Silence Rule ```
34
Industrial Era (1900s - 1930s)
Work through means of rehab Emphasis on deterrence, incapacitation, rehab Prisoners were centers of production Occasionally some prisoners were incap. in a fraudulent manner to keep them as skilled laborers
35
How did prison labor benefit the institutions?
No payment was given to prisoners for work completed | Work was for profit
36
Rehabilitation Era (1930s - 1970s)
Emphasis on rehabilitation | Politics should be taken out - pro prohibition
37
Wickersham Commission
Hoover Studied "era of lawlessness" Those in prison for alcohol were otherwise good people Did not recommend ending prohibition
38
Retributive / Restorative Era (1970s - 1990s)
Emphasis on retribution, but mixed Increased sentencing Increased prison construction & population
39
Why was this era unique in terms of Conservatives & Liberals?
Both agreed that rehab was a bad idea, but for different reasons Left - led to unequal outcomes in the CJ system Right - Rehab is coddling, just doesn't work
40
The Martinson Report
State Corrections worker wrote an article blown out of proportions. Provided support for many to be against rehab
41
Determinate Sentencing
Specified Sentence Little room for judicial discretion Truth in sentencing - 10 means 10
42
Corrections & Criminal Justice
--
43
Difference between Prisons & jails?
Prisons are generally >2 years.
44
Institutional vs. Community corrections
Institutional - prison Community - community Halfway House - sits right between
45
Sentencing Guidelines
Often in a grid, helps choose sentence based on severity, etc.
46
Correctional Clients
--
47
Characteristics - PURHY
``` Poor Uneducated Recidivist Half White Young ```
48
Correctional Administration
--
49
Nature of Correctional Administration
``` Human service / people processing How to measure goals Fragmentation and coordination Centrality of information Privatization ```
50
Goals of institutional corrections - SCS
Security Segregation Classification
51
Goals of Community Corrections - DTR
Discipline Treatment Restoration
52
Jails
--
53
Major Distinguishing characteristics of jails, instead of prison
Heterogeneous population - felonies & misd. Local Administration Rapid turnover in clients Limited programs, not exactly focused on rehab In or near central business districts
54
Prisons
--
55
Ratio?
1:40
56
Classification
Process by which prisoners are assigned to a housing unit based on criteria - Risk Assessment is conducted
57
Security Level
Refers to institution itself - what facility has what security level
58
Supervision Level
Refers to an individual - previous escape attempts? how well do we have to watch this individual?
59
What are some factors in a needs assessment? PEWM
Medical Psychological Work Educational
60
Maximum Security Level
36% of inmates. These are individuals who started at medium and screwed up, OR are very dangerous Very racially and ethnically segregated Heavy presence of gangs
61
Medium Security Level
48% | Default level
62
Minimum Security Level
16% | Non threatening inmates
63
Super Maximum
Not really counted %
64
Obstacles to effective treatment programs
Old institutions Crowding Personnel 1:40 Availability of work
65
Religion as a Treatment Program
Praise & Criticism - state v religion - is that ok?
66
Education as a Treatment Program
Academic, vocational training programs | Connected to work programs
67
Work as a Treatment Program
Not enough work to go around
68
Clinical Treatment Programs
Counseling Social Casework - looks at family, work, homelife, etc. more holistic approach Psychological & Psychiatric services Group Treatment - common issues can be grouped Drug Abuse Treatment Therapeutic Community
69
Principle of Least Eligibility
"Prisoners ought to receive no goods or services in excess of those available to people who have lived under the law"

Corrections (3 decks)

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