Corrections - MSK

Question 1

What is pulmonary hypoplasia?

Answer 1

Newborns with underdeveloped lungs

Question 2

What are the 2 key causes of pulmonary hypoplasia?

Answer 2

1) oligohydramnios

2) congential diaphragmatic hernia

Question 3

What is reactive arthritis?

Answer 3

A sterile arthritis triggered by distant GI or urogenital infections.

Typical triad of:
1) polyarticular arthralgia
2) urethritis
3) uveitis

Question 4

Most cases of reactive arthritis occur in people who are positive for what gene?

Answer 4

HLA-B27

Question 5

Mx of Perthes’ disease presenting under the age of 6?

Answer 5

Has a good prognosis –> requiring only observation.

Question 6

What is a less severe form of Duchenne muscular dystrophy that presents at a later age?

Answer 6

Becker’s muscular dystrophy

Question 7

What is the key finding on examination in slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

Answer 7

Reduced internal rotation of leg in flexion.

Question 8

How long after precipitating infection can reactive arthritis develop?

Answer 8

Up to 4 weeks

Question 9

Describe foot position in club foot (talipes equinovarus)

Answer 9

Inverted + plantar flexed foot which is not passively correctable

Question 10

How much more common in boys than girls is Perthes disease?

Answer 10

5x more common in boys

Question 11

What is the 1st line investigation in a newborn with suspected DDH?

Answer 11

US

Question 12

Typical age of presentation of slipped upper femoral epiphysis?

Answer 12

Obese male adolescents

Question 13

What is osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 13

A pathological process affecting the subchondral bone (most often in the knee joint) with 2ary effects on the joint cartilage, including pain, oedema, free bodies and mechanical dysfunctions.

Question 14

Presentation of osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 14

1) Knee pain and swelling, typically after exercise

2) Knee catching, locking and/or giving way: more constant and severe symptoms are associated with the presence of loose bodies

3) Feeling a painful ‘clunk’ when flexing or extending the knee - indicating the involvement of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 15

Bone profile results in osteomalacia?

Answer 15

Decreased calcium
Decreased phosphate
Increased PTH
Increased ALP

Question 16

What is rickets in adults called?

Answer 16

Osteomalacia

Question 17

What is roseola infantum?

Answer 17

A common disease of infancy caused by the human herpes virus 6 (HHV6).

Question 18

Features of roseola infantum?

Answer 18

• high fever: lasting a few days, followed later by a
• maculopapular rash
• Nagayama spots: papular enanthem on the uvula and soft palate
• febrile convulsions occur in around 10-15%
• diarrhoea and cough are also commonly seen

Question 19

What are 2 ossible consequences of HHV6 infection?

Answer 19

1) aseptic meningitis

2) hepatitis

Question 20

Features of osteomalacia?

Answer 20

1) bone pain

2) bone/muscle tenderness

3) fractures: especially femoral neck

4) proximal myopathy: may lead to a waddling gait

Question 21

What may be seen on an xray in osteomalacia/rickets?

Answer 21

Translucent bands (Looser’s zones or pseudofractures)

Question 22

Bone profile blood reuslts in osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 22

Normal

Question 23

What is the peak age incidence of Perthe’s?

Answer 23

4 to 8 y/o

Question 24

How can rickets affect the joints?

Answer 24

Can cause widening of joints due to an excess of non-mineralised osteoid at the growth plate.

Question 25

Mx of SUFE?

Answer 25

Refer to orthopedics for in situ fixation with a cannulated screw.